Ukugqitywa komphezulu weCNC Machining
Ukugqiba umphezulu yinkqubo enceda ekuchazeni nasekuphuculeni ubume bendalo emva komatshini we-CNC.
Apha eKachi, siqhutywa ngumgangatho ophezulu kwaye sikulungele ukwenza ngokwezifiso iindawo ezisetyenziselwa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Nokuba unamathela kwimilinganiselo eqinileyo kunye nokugqitywa okugudileyo okanye ufuna ukugqwala okongezelelweyo kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka, ukugqitywa kwethu komphezulu womatshini we-CNC kunokuvelisa into oyifunayo.
Yintoni iMachining Surface Finish?
Ukugqitywa komphezulu kubandakanya inkqubo yokutshintsha umphezulu wesinyithi ngokutshintsha, ukususa okanye ukongeza, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubume bomphezulu ochazwe ngolu hlobo:
Lay– Icala lepateni yomphezulu ophambili (elihlala limiselwa yinkqubo yokuvelisa).
Ukugoba– Iphathelele ukungafezeki kweenkcukacha ezincinci okanye ukungalungelelani okukhulu, njengemiphezulu egobileyo okanye ephambukile kwiinkcukacha.
Uburhabaxa bomphezulu– Umlinganiselo wokungalingani komphezulu okubekwe kakuhle. Ngokubanzi, uburhabaxa bomphezulu yinto abachwephesha bemishini abayibiza ngokuba “kukugqitywa komphezulu” ngelixa ukusetyenziswa “koburhabaxa bomphezulu” kuqhelekile xa kubhekiselwa kuzo zontathu iimpawu.
Ziziphi izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha ukugqitywa komphezulu we-CNC machining?
Ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso
Izinto ezahlukeneyo ezikwimo engqongileyo, ezinje ngokungcangcazela, ubushushu, ukufuma, imitha ye-UV, njl.njl., zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezenziwe ngomatshini we-CNC. Ungakhetha ngobulumko ukuba uqwalasela ngononophelo ukuba le mveliso yeyabani kwaye yeyantoni.
Ukuqina
Ukuba ufuna imveliso yakho ihlale ixesha elide kangakanani ngumbuzo ekufuneka uzibuze wona. Ukwenziwa kwayo kubandakanya ukuqina okuninzi. Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zibalulekile kule meko, kodwa kufuneka uqwalasele ne-machining surface polish. Ukuqina kwayo yinto ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ixabiso lemveliso yakho egqityiweyo. Ke ngoko, kufuneka ukhethe ukugqitywa okufanelekileyo.
Ubukhulu benxalenye
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukugqitywa komphezulu womatshini kunokutshintsha ubukhulu benxalenye. Ukugqitywa okutyebileyo okufana nomgubo wokwaleka kunokunyusa ubukhulu bomphezulu wento yesinyithi.
Inzuzo yeNkqubo yokugqiba umphezulu wesinyithi
Imisebenzi yonyango lomphezulu wesinyithi ingashwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
● Phucula inkangeleko
● Yongeza imibala ethile emihle
● Tshintsha ukukhanya
● Yonyusa ukumelana neekhemikhali
● Yandisa ukumelana nokuguguleka
● Nciphisa imiphumo yokugqwala
● Nciphisa ukungqubana
● Susa iziphene zomphezulu
● Ukucoca iindawo
● Sebenzisa njengengubo yokuqala
● Lungisa ubungakanani
Apha eKachi, iqela lethu leengcali liza kukunika iingcebiso malunga nonyango olufanelekileyo lomphezulu kunye neendlela zokugqiba ukuze ufumane iziphumo ozifunayo. Ungakhetha ukugqitywa okufanelekileyo okuqinisa nokukhusela ukubonakala kweendawo ezenziwe ngomatshini. Iinkqubo ezikhoyo zonyango lomphezulu ziquka ezi zilandelayo:
I-Anodize
I-Anodize yinkqubo yokudlulisa i-electrolytic ekhulisa umaleko we-oxide yendalo kwiindawo ze-aluminiyam ukuze ikhuseleke ekugugeni nasekuboleni, kunye nemiphumo yobuhle.
Ukuqhumisa iintsimbi
Ukuqhumisa i-media kusebenzisa i-pressurized jet ye-abrasive media ukufaka i-matte, i-uniform finish kumphezulu weendawo.
Ukufakelwa ngombane
I-Nickel plating yinkqubo esetyenziselwa ukufaka umaleko omncinci we-nickel kwinxalenye yesinyithi. Le plating ingasetyenziselwa ukugqwala kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka, kunye neenjongo zokuhombisa.
Ukupolisha
Iindawo zomatshini ze-CNC ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zikhazimliswa ngesandla kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo. Umphezulu uthambile kwaye ukhanya kancinci.
I-Chromate
Unyango lweChromate lufaka i-chromium compound kumphezulu wesinyithi, nto leyo enika isinyithi ukugqitywa okumelana nokugqwala. Olu hlobo lokugqitywa komphezulu lunokunika isinyithi inkangeleko yokuhombisa, kwaye sisisiseko esisebenzayo kwiintlobo ezininzi zepeyinti. Ayipheleli apho, kodwa ikwavumela isinyithi ukuba sigcine umbane waso uqhuba.
Ukupeyinta
Ukupeyinta kubandakanya ukutshiza umaleko wepeyinti kumphezulu wento. Imibala ingalinganiswa nenombolo yombala wePantone ekhethwa ngumthengi, ngelixa ukugqitywa kwayo kususela kwi-matte ukuya kwi-gloss ukuya kwi-metallic.
I-Oxide emnyama
I-black oxide yingubo yokuguqula efana ne-Alodine esetyenziselwa intsimbi kunye nentsimbi engagqwaliyo. Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukubonakala kwayo kunye nokumelana nokugqwala okuncinci.
Ukumakishwa kwenxalenye
Ukuphawula iinxalenye yindlela engabizi kakhulu yokongeza iilogo okanye oonobumba abakhethekileyo kwiindlela zakho zoyilo kwaye kudla ngokusetyenziselwa ukumaka iinxalenye ngexesha lokwenziwa kwemveliso epheleleyo.
| Into | Ukugqitywa komphezulu okufumanekayo | Umsebenzi | Inkangeleko yokwaleka | Ubukhulu | Umgangatho | Izinto ezifanelekileyo |
| 1 | I-Anodize ecacileyo | Ukuthintela i-oxidation, ukulwa nokungqubana, ukuhombisa umfanekiso | Icacile, Mnyama, Luhlaza, Luhlaza, Igolide, Bomvu | 20-30μm | ISO7599, ISO8078, ISO8079 | I-aluminium kunye ne-alloy yayo |
| 2 | I-Anodize Eqinileyo | I-Anti-oxidizing, I-Anti-stacic, yonyusa ukumelana nokurhawuzelelwa kunye nobunzima bomphezulu, ihombisa | Mnyama | 30-40μm | ISO10074, BS/DIN 2536 | I-aluminium kunye ne-alloy yayo |
| 3 | I-Alodine | Yandisa ukumelana nokugqwala, yonyusa ulwakhiwo lomphezulu kunye nokucoceka | Ecacileyo, engenambala, ekhanyayo ngombala otyheli, omdaka, ongwevu, okanye oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka | 0.25-1.0μm | Imigangatho ye-Mil-DTL-5541, i-MIL-DTL-81706, ye-Mil-spec | Iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo |
| 4 | I-Chrome Plating / I-Chrome Plating Eqinileyo | Ukumelana nokugqwala, ukonyusa ubulukhuni bomphezulu kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, Ukuchasana nokugqwala, ukuhombisa | Igolide, isilivere eqaqambileyo | 1-1.5μm Ubunzima: 8-12μm | Iinkcukacha zeSAE-AME-QQ-C-320, iKlasi 2E | I-aluminium kunye ne-alloy yayo Intsimbi kunye ne-alloy yayo |
| 5 | Isingxobo seNickel esingena-Electro | Ukuhombisa, ukuthintela umhlwa, ukomeleza ubulukhuni, ukumelana nokugqwala | Ekhanyayo, emthubi okhanyayo | 3-5μm | I-MIL-C-26074, ASTM8733 kunye ne-AMS2404 | Iintlobo ngeentlobo zesinyithi, isinyithi kunye ne-aluminium alloy |
| 6 | Isingxobo seZinc | Iyalwa nomhlwa, iyahombisa, inyusa ukumelana nokugqwala | Luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, Mhlophe, Bomvu, Mthubi, Mnyama | 8-12μm | ISO/TR 20491, ASTM B695 | Isinyithi seVarioius |
| 7 | Iplati yeGolide/yeSilivere | Ukuhanjiswa kwamaza ombane kunye ne-electromagnetic, ukuhombisa | IGolder, iSilivere Eqaqambileyo | Igolide: 0.8-1.2μm Isilivere: 7-12μm | I-MIL-G-45204, ASTM B488, AMS 2422 | Intsimbi kunye ne-alloy yayo |
| 8 | I-Oxide emnyama | Ayinamhlwa, iyahombisa | Mnyama, Mnyama oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka | 0.5-1μm | ISO11408, MIL-DTL-13924, AMS2485 | Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo, Intsimbi yeChromium |
| 9 | Ipeyinti yomgubo/Ukupenda | ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuhombisa | Ikhowudi emnyama okanye nayiphi na iRal okanye inombolo yePantone | 2-72μm | Imigangatho eyahlukeneyo yenkampani | Iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo |
| 10 | Ukutshintshwa kweNtsimbi Engagqwaliyo | Ayinamhlwa, iyahombisa | Akukho silumkiso | 0.3-0.6μm | I-ASTM A967, AMS2700 kunye neQQ-P-35 | Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo |
Unyango lobushushu
Unyango lobushushu linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuchwethezeni ngokuchanekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, zininzi iindlela zokukwenza oku, kwaye ukhetho lwakho lonyango lobushushu luxhomekeke kwizixhobo, kushishino kunye nokusetyenziswa kokugqibela.
Iinkonzo Zokunyanga Ubushushu
Isinyithi esinyanga ubushushu Unyango lobushushu yinkqubo apho isinyithi sifudunyezwa okanye sipholiswa kwindawo elawulwa kakuhle ukuze kulawulwe iimpawu ezibonakalayo ezifana nokuguquguquka kwaso, ukuqina, ukwenziwa, ubulukhuni, kunye namandla aso. Iintsimbi eziphathwa ubushushu zibalulekile kumashishini amaninzi kuquka amashishini eenqwelo moya, iimoto, iikhompyutha kunye nezixhobo ezinzima. Iindawo zesinyithi ezinyanga ubushushu (ezifana nezikrufu okanye izibiyeli zenjini) zenza ixabiso ngokuphucula ukuguquguquka kwazo kunye nokusebenza kwazo.
Unyango lobushushu yinkqubo enamanyathelo amathathu. Okokuqala, isinyithi sifudunyezwa kubushushu obuthile obufunekayo ukuze kubekho utshintsho olufunekayo. Okulandelayo, ubushushu bugcinwa de isinyithi sifudunyezwe ngokulinganayo. Emva koko umthombo wobushushu uyasuswa, ukuvumela isinyithi ukuba siphole ngokupheleleyo.
Intsimbi yeyona ntsimbi ixhaphakileyo ephathwa ngobushushu kodwa le nkqubo yenziwa kwezinye izinto:
● I-aluminiyam
● Intsimbi yobhedu
● Ubhedu
● Intsimbi Ephosiweyo
● Ubhedu
● I-Hastelloy
● I-Inconel
● I-Nickel
● Iplastiki
● Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo
Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuNyanga ubushushu
Ukuqina:Ukuqina kwesinyithi kwenziwa ukuze kulungiswe iingxaki zesinyithi, ingakumbi ezo zichaphazela ukuqina kwayo yonke into. Kwenziwa ngokufudumeza isinyithi size siyicime ngokukhawuleza xa sifika kwiimpawu ezifunekayo. Oku kuyayiqandisa iingceba ukuze ifumane iimpawu ezintsha.
Ukudibanisa:Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kwi-aluminiyam, i-copper, i-steel, isilivere okanye i-brass, uku-annealing kubandakanya ukufudumeza isinyithi ukuya kubushushu obuphezulu, ukuyibamba apho kwaye uyivumele ukuba iphole kancinci. Oku kwenza ezi zinyithi zibe lula ukusebenza zibe yimo. I-Copper, isilivere kunye ne-brass zinokuphola ngokukhawuleza okanye kancinci, kuxhomekeke kwindlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo, kodwa intsimbi kufuneka iphole kancinci okanye ayiyi kuqhobosheka ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa ngaphambi kokwenziwa kwe-machining ukuze izinto zingaphumeleli ngexesha lokwenziwa.
Ukulungisa izinto zibe zesiqhelo:Isetyenziswa rhoqo kwintsimbi, ukulungelelanisa kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuqina kunye namandla. Intsimbi ishushu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-150 ukuya kwi-200 degrees kuneentsimbi ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokuqhoboshela kwaye igcinwa apho de kwenzeke utshintsho olufunekayo. Le nkqubo ifuna intsimbi ukuba iphole emoyeni ukuze kwenziwe iinkozo ze-ferritic ezicociweyo. Oku kukwaluncedo ekususeni iinkozo ze-columnar kunye nokwahlulwahlulwa kwe-dendritic, okunokonakalisa umgangatho ngelixa kusenziwa inxenye.
Ukunciphisa:Le nkqubo isetyenziselwa ii-alloys ezisekwe kwisinyithi, ingakumbi intsimbi. Ezi alloys ziqinile kakhulu, kodwa zihlala zibuthathaka kakhulu kwiinjongo zazo. Ukufudumeza isinyithi kubushushu obungaphantsi nje kweyona nto ibalulekileyo, njengoko oku kuya kunciphisa ukubuthathaka ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni ubunzima. Ukuba umthengi ufuna i-plasticity engcono kunye nobunzima obuncinci namandla, sifudumeza isinyithi kubushushu obuphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, izixhobo ziyamelana nokufudumeza, kwaye kunokuba lula ukuthenga izinto ezisele ziqinile okanye ukuziqinisa ngaphambi kokwenza i-machining.
Ukuqinisa ikesi: Ukuba ufuna umphezulu oqinileyo kodwa ungaphakathi othambileyo, ukuqinisa ikesi yeyona ndlela ilungileyo. Le yinkqubo eqhelekileyo kwiintsimbi ezinekhabhoni encinci, njengentsimbi nentsimbi. Kule ndlela, unyango lobushushu longeza ikhabhoni kumphezulu. Ngokwesiqhelo uya ku-odola le nkonzo emva kokuba iziqwenga zenziwe ngomatshini ukuze uzenze ziqine ngakumbi. Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nezinye iikhemikhali, njengoko oko kunciphisa umngcipheko wokwenza inxalenye ibe buthathaka.
Ukwaluphala:Ikwaziwa nangokuqiniswa kwemvula, le nkqubo yonyusa amandla okuvelisa iintsimbi ezithambileyo. Ukuba isinyithi sifuna ukuqina okongeziweyo ngaphaya kwesakhiwo sayo sangoku, ukuqina kwemvula kongeza ukungcola ukwandisa amandla. Le nkqubo idla ngokuqhubeka emva kokuba kusetyenziswe ezinye iindlela, kwaye inyusa amaqondo obushushu aye kumanqanaba aphakathi kwaye ipholise izinto ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ingcali igqiba kwelokuba ukuguga kwendalo yeyona nto ilungileyo, izinto zigcinwa kumaqondo obushushu apholileyo zide zifikelele kwiimpawu ezifunwayo.
