Imisozo yo gutunganya CNC
Gusoza ubuso ni inzira ifasha gusobanura no kunoza imiterere rusange nyuma yo gutunganya CNC.
Muri Kachi, dukoresha ubuziranenge kandi twiteguye guhindura ibice byacu kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu buryo butandukanye. Waba ukurikiza ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu mu buryo buciriritse kandi urangiza neza cyangwa ukeneye ubwiyongere bw'ubudahangarwa no kwangirika, irangi ryacu ryo gutunganya ibyuma bya CNC rishobora gutanga ibyo ukeneye.
Irangiza ry'Ubuso bw'Imashini (Machining Surface Finish) ni iki?
Gutunganya ubuso bikubiyemo guhindura ubuso bw'icyuma binyuze mu kuvugurura, gukuramo cyangwa kongeramo, kandi bikoreshwa mu gupima imiterere rusange y'ubuso burangwa na:
Lay– Icyerekezo cy’imiterere y’ubuso bwiganjemo (akenshi giterwa n’uburyo bwo gukora).
Uburebure- Bijyanye n'udukosa duto cyangwa ibitagenda neza cyane, nk'ubuso bugoramye cyangwa butajyanye n'ibipimo.
Ubukana bw'ubuso– Igipimo cy’ubuso butoshye. Muri rusange, ubukana bw’ubuso ni cyo abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi bita “irangira ry’ubuso” mu gihe ikoreshwa ry’ “imiterere y’ubuso” rikunze gukoreshwa iyo rijyanye n’imiterere yose uko ari itatu.
Ni ibihe bintu ugomba kuzirikana mu gihe uhitamo irangi ry'ubuso bw'imashini ya CNC?
Imikoreshereze y'ibicuruzwa
Ibintu bitandukanye bidukikije, nko guhindagura, ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, imirasire ya UV, nibindi, bikoreshwa ku bice bitandukanye bya CNC. Ushobora guhitamo neza niba utekereje neza uwo ari we n'icyo icyo gicuruzwa gikoreshwa.
Kuramba
Igihe wifuza ko ibicuruzwa byawe bimara ni ikibazo ugomba kwibaza. Gukora bisaba igihe kinini cyo kuramba. Ibikoresho fatizo ni ingenzi muri iki gihe, ariko ugomba no gutekereza ku irangi ry'ubuso bw'imashini. Kuramba ni ingenzi mu kongera agaciro k'ibicuruzwa byawe byarangiye. Kubwibyo, ugomba guhitamo irangi rikwiye.
Ingano z'igice
Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko gutunganya ubuso bushobora guhindura ingano y'igice. Imiterere minini nk'ifu ishobora kongera ubunini bw'icyuma.
Akamaro ko kurangiza ubuso bw'icyuma
Imirimo yo gutunganya ubuso bw'icyuma ishobora gusobanurwa muri make ku buryo bukurikira:
● Kunoza imiterere
● Ongeraho amabara meza yihariye
● Hindura ubwiza
● Kongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imiti
● Kongera ubushobozi bwo kwangirika
● Kugabanya ingaruka za corruption
● Gabanya ukugurumana
● Kuraho inenge zo ku buso
● Gusukura ibice
● Bikore nk'ikoti ry'ibanze
● Hindura ingano
Muri Kachi, itsinda ryacu ry’inzobere rizatanga inama ku buryo bwiza bwo gutunganya ubuso n’uburyo bwo kurangiza kugira ngo ugere ku musaruro wifuza. Ushobora guhitamo umusozo mwiza ukomeza kandi ukarinda isura y’ibice byakozwe mu mashini. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gutunganya ubuso burimo ubu bukurikira:
Anodize
Anodize ni inzira yo gukwirakwiza umwuka mu buryo bwa electrolytic, ikura urwego rw’umwimerere rwa okiside ku bice bya aluminiyumu kugira ngo irindwe kwangirika no kwangirika, ndetse no kugira ingaruka nziza ku miterere y’umubiri.
Guturika amasaro
Guturika hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukaraba bukoresha icyuma gishyushya gikozwe mu buryo bwa abrasive kugira ngo gishyireho irangi rito kandi ringana ku gice cy'ibice.
Gushyiramo amashanyarazi
Gushyira nikeli mu cyuma ni uburyo bukoreshwa mu gushyira urwego rwo hasi rwa nikeli ku gice cy'icyuma. Ubu buryo bushobora gukoreshwa mu kwangirika no kudashira, ndetse no mu mirimo yo gushushanya.
Gusukura
Ibice byihariye by'imashini za CNC bisukurwa n'intoki mu byerekezo byinshi. Ubuso buroroshye kandi bugaragaza gato.
Chromate
Uburyo bwo gutunganya chromate bukoresha chromium ku buso bw'icyuma, bigatuma icyuma kigira irangi ridashobora kwangirika. Ubu bwoko bw'irangi bushobora kandi guha icyuma isura nziza, kandi ni ishingiro ryiza ku bwoko bwinshi bw'irangi. Si ibyo gusa, ahubwo bunatuma icyuma kigumana amashanyarazi yacyo.
Gushushanya
Gusiga irangi bikubiyemo gutera irangi ku buso bw'igice. Amabara ashobora guhuzwa n'umubare w'ibara rya Pantone umukiriya yihitiyemo, mu gihe irangi riva kuri matte kugeza kuri benya kugeza kuri metali.
Okiside y'umukara
Okiside y'umukara ni irangi rihindura ibintu risa na Alodine rikoreshwa mu byuma n'ibyuma bitanduye. Rikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kugaragara no mu kurwanya ingese.
Kugaragaza ibice
Gushyira ikimenyetso ku bice ni uburyo buhendutse bwo kongeramo ibirango cyangwa inyuguti zihariye ku bishushanyo byawe kandi akenshi bikoreshwa mu gushyira ikimenyetso ku bice byihariye mu gihe cyo gukora ibintu byose.
| Ikintu | Irangi riboneka ku buso | Imikorere | Isura y'ipfuka | Ubunini | Igisanzwe | Ibikoresho Bikwiriye |
| 1 | Anodize isobanutse neza | Kurinda okisidasiyo, kurwanya gushwanyagurika, gushariza ishusho | Isobanutse, Umukara, Ubururu, Icyatsi kibisi, Zahabu, Umutuku | 20-30μm | ISO7599, ISO8078, ISO8079 | Aluminiyumu n'icyuma cyayo |
| 2 | Anodize ikomeye | Irwanya ogisijeni, Irwanya ubudahinduka, yongera ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe n'ubukomere bw'ubuso, irashushanya | Umukara | 30-40μm | ISO10074, BS/DIN 2536 | Aluminiyumu n'icyuma cyayo |
| 3 | Alodine | Ongera ubudahangarwa bw'ingufu, wongere imiterere y'ubuso n'isuku | Irabagirana, nta ibara, umuhondo, umukara, imvi cyangwa ubururu birabagirana | 0.25-1.0μm | Mil-DTL-5541, MIL-DTL-81706, Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya Mil-spec | Ibyuma bitandukanye |
| 4 | Igipfunyika cya Chrome / Igipfunyika gikomeye cya Chrome | Ubudahangarwa bw'ubukonje, kongera ubukana bw'ubuso no kudahangarwa, Kurwanya ingese, gushariza | Zahabu, ifeza y'umweru | 1-1.5μm Ikomeye: 8-12μm | Ibisobanuro SAE-AME-QQ-C-320, Icyiciro cya 2E | Aluminiyumu n'icyuma cyayo Icyuma n'icyuma cyacyo |
| 5 | Igipfunyika cya nikeli kidafite amashanyarazi | Imitako, gukumira ingese, kongera ubukana, kurwanya ingese | Umuhondo ugaragara cyane, w'umuhondo woroshye | 3-5μm | MIL-C-26074, ASTM8733 na AMS2404 | Ibyuma bitandukanye, ibyuma n'aluminiyumu |
| 6 | Gushyiramo zinki | Irwanya ingese, irashariza, yongera ubudahangarwa bw'ingese | Ubururu, Umweru, Umutuku, Umuhondo, Umukara | 8-12μm | ISO/TR 20491, ASTM B695 | Varioius Metal |
| 7 | Indabyo za zahabu / ifeza | Gutanga imiraba y'amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi, gushariza | Golder, ifeza nziza cyane | Izahabu: 0.8-1.2μm Ifeza: 7-12μm | MIL-G-45204, ASTM B488, AMS 2422 | Icyuma n'icyuma cyacyo |
| 8 | Okiside y'umukara | Irinda ingese, irashariza | Umukara, Ubururu bw'umukara | 0.5-1μm | ISO11408, MIL-DTL-13924, AMS2485 | Icyuma kitagira umwanda, Icyuma cya Chromium |
| 9 | Irangi ry'ifu / Gusiga irangi | kurwanya ingese, gushariza | Kode y'umukara cyangwa indi kode ya Ral cyangwa inomero ya Pantone | 2-72μm | Ibipimo ngenderwaho bitandukanye by'ikigo | Ibyuma bitandukanye |
| 10 | Guhindura Ibyuma Bitagira Ingufu | Irinda ingese, irashariza | Nta nteguza | 0.3-0.6μm | ASTM A967, AMS2700&QQ-P-35 | Icyuma kitagira umwanda |
Kuvura ubushyuhe
Gutunganya ubushyuhe ni intambwe y'ingenzi mu gutunganya neza. Ariko, hari uburyo burenze bumwe bwo kubikora, kandi amahitamo yawe yo gutunganya ubushyuhe ashingira ku bikoresho, inganda n'ikoreshwa rya nyuma.
Serivisi zo gutunganya ubushyuhe
Ibyuma bivura ubushyuhe Gutunganya ubushyuhe ni inzira icyuma gishyushya cyangwa gikonjeshwa ahantu hagenzurwa neza kugira ngo gikoreshwe neza nk'uburyo gihinduka, kuramba, ubushobozi bwo gukora, gukomera, n'imbaraga. Ibyuma bivura ubushyuhe ni ingenzi ku nganda nyinshi zirimo iz'indege, iz'imodoka, iza mudasobwa n'iz'ibikoresho biremereye. Ibice by'icyuma bivura ubushyuhe (nk'ibisuguti cyangwa udukingirizo twa moteri) bitanga agaciro binyuze mu kunoza uburyo bikoreshwa kandi bigakoreshwa neza.
Gutunganya ubushyuhe ni inzira y'intambwe eshatu. Ubwa mbere, icyuma gishyushywa ku bushyuhe bwihariye bukenewe kugira ngo habeho impinduka wifuza. Hanyuma, ubushyuhe bugumaho kugeza igihe icyuma gishyushye neza. Hanyuma isoko y'ubushyuhe irakurwaho, bigatuma icyuma gikonja neza.
Icyuma ni cyo cyuma gikoreshwa cyane mu gusukura ubushyuhe ariko ubu buryo bukorerwa ku bindi bikoresho:
● Aluminium
● Umuringa
● Umuringa
● Icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma
● Umuringa
● Hastelloy
● Inconel
● Nickel
● Plasitike
● Icyuma kitagira umwanda
Uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura ubushyuhe
Gukomera:Gukomera bikorwa kugira ngo hakemurwe ibibazo by'icyuma, cyane cyane bigira ingaruka ku burambe bwacyo muri rusange. Bikorwa hakoreshejwe gushyushya icyuma no kugizimya vuba iyo kigeze ku miterere yacyo. Ibi bituma uduce duto dukonja bityo kikagira imiterere mishya.
Kugabanya ibinure:Ikunze gukoreshwa cyane muri aluminiyumu, umuringa, icyuma, ifeza cyangwa umuringa, gushyushya icyuma kugeza ku bushyuhe bwinshi, ukagifata aho ngaho ukagihashya buhoro buhoro. Ibi bituma ibyo byuma byoroha gukora neza. Umuringa, ifeza n'umuringa bishobora gukonjeshwa vuba cyangwa buhoro bitewe n'uko bikoreshwa, ariko icyuma kigomba guhora gikonje buhoro bitabaye ibyo ntikizakonje neza. Ibi bikunze gukorwa mbere yo gukora ibikoresho kugira ngo bitananirana mu gihe cyo gukora.
Guhindura ibintu mu buryo busanzwe:Akenshi ikoreshwa ku byuma, kuvugurura imikorere y'icyuma birushaho kunoza ubushobozi bwo gukora, guhindagurika no gukomera. Icyuma gishyuha kugeza kuri dogere 150 kugeza kuri 200 kurusha ibyuma bikoreshwa mu gushyushya kandi kigakomeza gukonjeshwa kugeza igihe gihinduriwe. Iyi gahunda isaba ko icyuma gikonjesha kugira ngo hakorwe uduce twa ferritic twatunganyijwe. Ibi kandi ni ingirakamaro mu gukuraho uduce twa columnar na dendritic, bishobora kwangiza ubwiza mu gihe cyo gucukura igice.
Gushyushya:Ubu buryo bukoreshwa ku byuma bikozwe mu cyuma, cyane cyane icyuma. Ibi byuma birakomeye cyane, ariko akenshi birakomeye cyane ugereranije n'ibyo byagenewe. Gushyushya icyuma kugeza ku bushyuhe buri munsi gato y'igihe cy'ingenzi, kuko bizagabanya ubushyuhe bwacyo bitabangamiye ubukomere bwacyo. Iyo umukiriya yifuza ko icyuma gishyuha neza kandi gifite ubukomere buke n'imbaraga nke, dushyushya icyuma kugeza ku bushyuhe bwinshi. Ariko rimwe na rimwe, ibikoresho ntibishobora gushyuha, kandi bishobora koroha kugura ibikoresho byamaze gukomereka cyangwa kubikomeresha mbere yo kubitunganya.
Gukomera ku gasanduku: Niba ukeneye ubuso bukomeye ariko igice cyoroshye, gukomera ku gasanduku ni cyo cyiza kurusha ibindi. Ubu ni uburyo busanzwe bukoreshwa ku byuma bifite karuboni nke, nk'icyuma n'icyuma. Muri ubu buryo, gutunganya ubushyuhe byongera karuboni ku gasanduku. Ubusanzwe uzatumiza iyi serivisi nyuma y'uko ibice bikozwe mu mashini kugira ngo bikomere cyane. Bikorwa hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe n'indi miti, kuko bigabanya ibyago byo gutuma igice kidakomera.
Gusaza:Iyi nzira izwi kandi nka "precipitation hargiving", yongera imbaraga z'umusaruro w'ibyuma byoroshye. Iyo icyuma gisaba gukomera birenze imiterere yacyo, gukomera kw'imvura byongera umwanda kugira ngo wongere imbaraga. Iyi nzira ikunze kubaho nyuma y'ubundi buryo bukoreshwa, kandi yongera ubushyuhe kugeza ku rwego rwo hagati kandi igakonjesha vuba. Iyo umuhanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga afashe icyemezo cyo gusaza karemano, ibikoresho bibikwa mu bushyuhe bukonje kugeza bigeze ku miterere wifuza.
