ISICELO SOKUKHOKHA
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Ukwelashwa Kokushisa

Ukwelashwa Kokushisa

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Ukwelapha Ukushisa

Ukwelashwa ngokushisa kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni ngokunemba. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela ezingaphezu kweyodwa zokukwenza, futhi ukukhetha kwakho ukwelashwa ngokushisa kuncike ezintweni zokwakha, embonini kanye nokusetshenziswa kokugcina.

Izinsizakalo Zokwelapha Ukushisa

Insimbi yokwelapha ukushisa Ukwelapha ukushisa inqubo lapho insimbi ishiswa noma ipholiswa khona endaweni elawulwa kahle ukuze kulawulwe izakhiwo ezibonakalayo ezifana nokuguquguquka kwayo, ukuqina, ukuthungwa, ubulukhuni, kanye namandla ayo. Izinsimbi eziphathwe ukushisa zibalulekile ezimbonini eziningi okuhlanganisa nezimboni zezindiza, zezimoto, zamakhompyutha, kanye nemishini esindayo. Izingxenye zensimbi zokwelapha ukushisa (njengezikulufo noma amabakaki enjini) kudala inani ngokuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwazo kanye nokusebenza kwazo.

Ukwelashwa ngokushisa kuyinqubo enezinyathelo ezintathu. Okokuqala, insimbi ishiswa ngezinga lokushisa elithile elidingekayo ukuze kulethwe ushintsho olufunwayo. Okulandelayo, izinga lokushisa ligcinwa kuze kube yilapho insimbi isishisiwe ngokulinganayo. Umthombo wokushisa uyasuswa, okuvumela insimbi ukuthi iphole ngokuphelele.

Insimbi iyona evame kakhulu ukuphathwa ngokushisa kodwa le nqubo yenziwa kwezinye izinto:

● I-Aluminium
● Ithusi
● Ithusi
● Insimbi Ebunjiwe

● Ithusi
● I-Hastelloy
● I-Inconel

● I-Nickel
● Ipulasitiki
● Insimbi Engagqwali

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Izinketho Ezihlukene Zokwelapha Ukushisa

Ukuqinisa

Ukuqinisa kwenziwa ukuze kulungiswe ukuntuleka kwensimbi, ikakhulukazi lokho okuthinta ukuqina kwayo yonke indawo. Kwenziwa ngokushisa insimbi nokuyicisha ngokushesha lapho ifika ezicini ezifiselekayo. Lokhu kuqandisa izinhlayiya ukuze ithole izimfanelo ezintsha.

Ukufakwa kwe-Annealing

Okuvame kakhulu nge-aluminium, ithusi, insimbi, isiliva noma ithusi, ukunamathisela kuhilela ukufudumeza insimbi kuze kufike ekushiseni okuphezulu, ukuyibamba lapho bese kuyivumela ukuthi iphole kancane kancane. Lokhu kwenza lezi zinsimbi zibe lula ukusebenza zibe yisimo. Ithusi, isiliva kanye nethusi kungapholiswa ngokushesha noma kancane, kuye ngokuthi kusetshenziswe kanjani, kodwa insimbi kumele iphole kancane noma ngeke iphole kahle. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngaphambi komshini wokugaya ukuze izinto zingaphumeleli ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.

Ukulungisa

Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ensimbini, ukwenza kube ngokwejwayelekile kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini, ukuguquguquka kanye namandla. Insimbi ishisa ngamadigri ayi-150 kuya kwangu-200 kunezinsimbi ezisetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokufaka insimbi futhi igcinwa lapho kuze kube yilapho kwenzeka ushintsho olufunwayo. Inqubo idinga insimbi ukuthi iphole ukuze kudalwe izinhlamvu ze-ferritic ezicwengekile. Lokhu kuyasiza futhi ekususeni izinhlamvu ze-columnar kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-dendritic, okungalimaza ikhwalithi ngenkathi kuphonswa ingxenye.

Ukulinganisela

Le nqubo isetshenziselwa ama-alloy asekelwe ensimbi, ikakhulukazi insimbi. Lawa ma-alloy aqinile kakhulu, kodwa avame ukubola kakhulu ngezinjongo zawo ezihlosiwe. Ukushisa insimbi kushisa ngaphansi nje kwephuzu elibalulekile, njengoba lokhu kuzonciphisa ukonakala ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukuqina. Uma ikhasimende lifisa i-plasticity engcono enobunzima namandla amancane, sifudumeza insimbi ekushiseni okuphezulu. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi, izinto ziyamelana nokushisa, futhi kungaba lula ukuthenga izinto eseziqinisiwe kakade noma ukuziqinisa ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa.

Ukuqinisa ikesi

Uma udinga indawo eqinile kodwa ethambile, ukuqinisa ikesi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu. Lena inqubo evamile yezinsimbi ezinekhabhoni encane, njengensimbi nensimbi. Kule ndlela, ukwelashwa ngokushisa kwengeza ikhabhoni endaweni. Ngokuvamile uzo-oda le nsizakalo ngemva kokuba izingcezu sezifakwe ngomshini ukuze uzenze ziqine kakhulu. Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukushisa okuphezulu namanye amakhemikhali, njengoba lokho kunciphisa ingozi yokwenza ingxenye ibe buthaka.

Ukuguga

Eyaziwa nangokuthi ukuqina kwemvula, le nqubo ikhulisa amandla okukhiqiza ezinsimbi ezithambile. Uma insimbi idinga ukuqina okwengeziwe ngale kwesakhiwo sayo samanje, ukuqina kwemvula kwengeza ukungcola ukuze kwandiswe amandla. Le nqubo ivame ukwenzeka ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela, futhi iphakamisa amazinga okushisa abe phakathi nendawo futhi ipholise izinto ngokushesha. Uma uchwepheshe enquma ukuthi ukuguga kwemvelo kungcono kakhulu, izinto zigcinwa emazingeni okushisa apholile kuze kube yilapho zifinyelela izakhiwo ezifiselekayo.

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