Ubwino wa Njira Yomaliza Chitsulo
Ntchito za chithandizo cha pamwamba pa chitsulo zitha kufotokozedwa mwachidule motere:
● Konzani mawonekedwe anu
● Onjezani mitundu yokongola yeniyeni
● Sinthani kuwala
● Kulimbitsa kukana mankhwala
● Wonjezerani mphamvu yotha kutha
● Chepetsani zotsatira za dzimbiri
● Chepetsani kukangana
● Chotsani zolakwika pamwamba
● Kuyeretsa ziwalo
● Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chovala choyambirira
● Sinthani kukula kwake
Ku Kachi, gulu lathu la akatswiri lidzapereka upangiri pa njira zabwino zochizira pamwamba ndi njira zomalizitsira kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira zomwe mukufuna. Mutha kusankha njira yabwino kwambiri yolimbitsira ndikuteteza mawonekedwe a ziwalo zopangidwa ndi makina. Njira zomwe zilipo zochizira pamwamba zikuphatikizapo izi:
Anodize
Anodize ndi njira yosinthira electrolytic yomwe imakulitsa gawo lachilengedwe la oxide pazigawo za aluminiyamu kuti litetezeke ku kuwonongeka ndi dzimbiri, komanso kuti liteteze ku kukongola.
Kuphulika kwa mikanda
Kuphulika kwa media kumagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wopanikizika wa media yowawasa kuti ipange mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino komanso ofanana pamwamba pa ziwalo.
Kupaka Ma Electroplating
Kupaka nikeli ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka nikeli wochepa pa chitsulo. Kupaka uku kungagwiritsidwe ntchito polimbana ndi dzimbiri ndi kuwonongeka, komanso kukongoletsa.
Kupukuta
Zigawo za makina a CNC zopangidwa mwamakonda zimapukutidwa ndi manja mbali zosiyanasiyana. Pamwamba pake ndi posalala komanso pang'ono.
Chromate
Mankhwala a chromate amagwiritsa ntchito chromium pamwamba pa chitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa chitsulocho kukhala cholimba ndi dzimbiri. Mtundu uwu wa pamwamba umathanso kupangitsa chitsulocho kukhala chokongoletsera, ndipo ndi maziko othandiza pa mitundu yambiri ya utoto. Sikuti zokhazo, komanso zimathandiza chitsulocho kusunga mphamvu yake yamagetsi.
Kujambula
Kupaka utoto kumaphatikizapo kupopera utoto pamwamba pa chinthucho. Mitundu yake imatha kufananizidwa ndi mtundu wa Pantone womwe kasitomala amasankha, pomwe kumaliza kwake kumayambira pa matte mpaka gloss mpaka metallic.
Okisidi Wakuda
Okisidi wakuda ndi chophimba chofanana ndi Alodine chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chitsulo ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuti chiwonekere komanso kuti chisawonongeke ndi dzimbiri pang'ono.
Kulemba zigawo
Kuyika zizindikiro pazigawo ndi njira yotsika mtengo yowonjezerera ma logo kapena zilembo zapadera pamapangidwe anu ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito poika zizindikiro pazigawo zapadera panthawi yopanga zinthu zonse.
| Chinthu | Zomaliza Pamwamba Zomwe Zikupezeka | Ntchito | Maonekedwe a Kuphimba | Kukhuthala | Muyezo | Zinthu Zoyenera |
| 1 | Kupaka mafuta | Kupewa kwa okosijeni, kuletsa kukangana, kukongoletsa chithunzi | Wowonekera, Wakuda, Wabuluu, Wobiriwira, Golide, Wofiira | 20-30μm | ISO7599, ISO8078, ISO8079 | Aluminiyamu ndi aloyi ake |
| 2 | Kupaka Mafuta Molimba | Kuletsa okosijeni, Kuletsa kusinthasintha, kumawonjezera kukana kwa kukwawa ndi kuuma kwa pamwamba, kukongoletsa | Chakuda | 30-40μm | ISO10074, BS/DIN 2536 | Aluminiyamu ndi aloyi ake |
| 3 | Alodine | Kuonjezera kukana dzimbiri, kulimbitsa kapangidwe ka pamwamba ndi kuyera | Woyera, wopanda mtundu, wachikasu, wabulauni, imvi, kapena wabuluu | 0.25-1.0μm | Mil-DTL-5541, MIL-DTL-81706, Miyezo ya Mil-spec | Zitsulo Zosiyanasiyana |
| 4 | Chophimba cha Chrome / Chophimba Cholimba cha Chrome | Kukana dzimbiri, kumawonjezera kuuma kwa pamwamba ndi kukana kukwawa, Kuletsa dzimbiri, kukongoletsa | Golide, Siliva wowala | 1-1.5μm Zolimba: 8-12μm | Zofotokozera SAE-AME-QQ-C-320, Kalasi 2E | Aluminiyamu ndi aloyi ake Chitsulo ndi aloyi yake |
| 5 | Kupaka kwa Nickel Kopanda Ma Electro | Zokongoletsa, kupewa dzimbiri, kuwonjezera kuuma, kukana dzimbiri | Wowala, wachikasu wopepuka | 3-5μm | MIL-C-26074, ASTM8733 NDI AMS2404 | Zitsulo zosiyanasiyana, zitsulo ndi aluminiyamu |
| 6 | Zinki Plating | Yoletsa dzimbiri, yokongoletsa, komanso yoteteza dzimbiri | Buluu, Woyera, Wofiira, Wachikasu, Wakuda | 8-12μm | ISO/TR 20491, ASTM B695 | Varioius Metal |
| 7 | Chophimba cha Golide / Siliva | Kutulutsa mafunde amagetsi ndi maginito, kukongoletsa | Golder, Siliva Wowala | Golide: 0.8-1.2μm Siliva: 7-12μm | MIL-G-45204, ASTM B488, AMS 2422 | Chitsulo ndi aloyi yake |
| 8 | Okisidi Wakuda | Yoletsa dzimbiri, yokongoletsa | Wakuda, Wabuluu wakuda | 0.5-1μm | ISO11408, MIL-DTL-13924, AMS2485 | Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira, Chitsulo cha Chromium |
| 9 | Utoto wa ufa / Kujambula | kukana dzimbiri, kukongoletsa | Khodi yakuda kapena nambala ya Ral kapena Pantone | 2-72μm | Muyezo wosiyana wa kampani | Zitsulo zosiyanasiyana |
| 10 | Kupatuka kwa Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira | Yoletsa dzimbiri, yokongoletsa | Palibe chenjezo | 0.3-0.6μm | ASTM A967, AMS2700&QQ-P-35 | Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri |
Kuchiza Kutentha
Kusamalira kutentha ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zinthu molondola. Komabe, pali njira zingapo zochitira izi, ndipo kusankha kwanu njira yosamalira kutentha kumadalira zipangizo, mafakitale ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito komaliza.
Ntchito Zothandizira Kutentha
Chitsulo Chothandizira Kutentha Kuchiza kutentha ndi njira yomwe chitsulo chimatenthedwa kapena kuziziritsidwa pamalo olamulidwa bwino kuti chisinthe mawonekedwe ake monga kusinthasintha, kulimba, kupangika, kuuma, ndi mphamvu. Zitsulo zothandizidwa ndi kutentha ndizofunikira kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri kuphatikizapo mafakitale a ndege, magalimoto, makompyuta, ndi zida zolemera. Zigawo zachitsulo zothandizira kutentha (monga zomangira kapena mabulaketi a injini) zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zothandiza powonjezera kusinthasintha kwawo komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino.
Kuchiza kutentha ndi njira ya magawo atatu. Choyamba, chitsulocho chimatenthedwa kufika kutentha komwe kukufunika kuti chisinthe. Kenako, kutentha kumasungidwa mpaka chitsulocho chitatenthedwa mofanana. Kenako gwero la kutentha limachotsedwa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chitsulocho chizizire bwino.
Chitsulo ndi chitsulo chodziwika bwino chomwe chimachiritsidwa ndi kutentha koma njirayi imachitika pa zipangizo zina:
● Aluminiyamu
● Mkuwa
● Mkuwa
● Chitsulo Chopangidwa ndi Matope
● Mkuwa
● Hastelloy
● Inconel
● Faifi tambala
● Pulasitiki
● Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri
Njira Zosiyanasiyana Zochiritsira Kutentha
Kulimbitsa:Kuumitsa kumachitika pofuna kuthana ndi zofooka za chitsulo, makamaka zomwe zimakhudza kulimba kwa chitsulo chonse. Kumachitika mwa kutentha chitsulocho ndikuchizimitsa mwachangu chikafika pamlingo womwe mukufuna. Izi zimaundana tinthu tating'onoting'ono kuti chikhale ndi makhalidwe atsopano.
Kuphimba:Chofala kwambiri ndi aluminiyamu, mkuwa, chitsulo, siliva kapena mkuwa, kuphimba kumaphatikizapo kutentha chitsulo mpaka kutentha kwambiri, kuchigwira pamenepo ndikuchilola kuti chizire pang'onopang'ono. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zitsulozi zikhale zosavuta kugwira ntchito. Mkuwa, siliva ndi mkuwa zimatha kuziziritsidwa mwachangu kapena pang'onopang'ono, kutengera momwe zagwiritsidwira ntchito, koma chitsulo nthawi zonse chiyenera kuzizira pang'onopang'ono apo ayi sichidzazimitsidwa bwino. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika musanapange makina kuti zipangizo zisalephereke popanga.
Kusintha:Kawirikawiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chitsulo, kusinthasintha kumawonjezera mphamvu ya makina, kusinthasintha, ndi mphamvu. Chitsulo chimatentha madigiri 150 mpaka 200 kuposa zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zitsulo ndipo chimasungidwa pamenepo mpaka kusintha komwe kukufunika kuchitika. Njirayi imafuna kuti chitsulo chizizizira kuti chipange tinthu ta ferritic tokonzedwa bwino. Izi zimathandizanso pochotsa tinthu ta columnar ndi dendritic separation, zomwe zingawononge ubwino wake poyikapo gawo.
Kuchepetsa kutentha:Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zitsulo zopangidwa ndi chitsulo, makamaka chitsulo. Zitsulozi zimakhala zolimba kwambiri, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofooka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zomwe zimapangidwira. Kutenthetsa chitsulo kumatentha kutentha pang'ono kuposa momwe zimafunikira, chifukwa izi zimachepetsa kufooka popanda kuwononga kuuma. Ngati kasitomala akufuna kuti chitsulo chikhale cholimba komanso cholimba pang'ono, timatenthetsa chitsulocho kutentha kwambiri. Komabe, nthawi zina, zipangizo sizimatenthedwa, ndipo zingakhale zosavuta kugula zinthu zomwe zalimba kale kapena kuzilimbitsa musanazipange.
Kulimbitsa chivundikiro: Ngati mukufuna malo olimba koma pakati pake pofewa, kulimbitsa chivundikiro ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri. Iyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino ya zitsulo zokhala ndi mpweya wochepa, monga chitsulo ndi chitsulo. Munjira iyi, kutentha kumawonjezera mpweya pamwamba pake. Nthawi zambiri muyitanitsa ntchitoyi zidutswa zitapangidwa kuti zikhale zolimba kwambiri. Izi zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri ndi mankhwala ena, chifukwa zimachepetsa chiopsezo chopangitsa kuti gawolo likhale losweka.
Kukalamba:Njira imeneyi imadziwikanso kuti kuuma kwa mvula, imawonjezera mphamvu ya zitsulo zofewa. Ngati chitsulo chikufuna kuuma kowonjezereka kuposa momwe chilili pano, kuuma kwa mvula kumawonjezera zinyalala kuti ziwonjezere mphamvu. Njira imeneyi nthawi zambiri imachitika njira zina zitagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo imakweza kutentha kufika pamlingo wapakati ndikuziziritsa zinthu mwachangu. Ngati katswiri asankha kuti kukalamba kwachilengedwe ndiko kwabwino, zinthuzo zimasungidwa kutentha kozizira mpaka zitafika pamlingo womwe mukufuna.
