Iintlobo ezili-10 zeeMashini ze-CNC

Yintoni isixhobo somatshini we-CNC?

Isixhobo somatshini se-CNC sisixhobo somatshini esinokulawulwa yinkqubo yekhompyutha. Singazigqibezela ngokuzenzekelayo imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo enzima yokucubungula ngokweenkqubo zokucwangcisa ezicwangcisiweyo. I-CNC sisifinyezo segama elithi “Computer Numerical Control”, elithetha ulawulo lwamanani lwekhompyutha.

Umatshini wokugaya i-CNC yinkqubo yokuvelisa esebenzisa izixhobo zomatshini ezilawulwa yikhompyutha ukususa izinto zokusebenza ukuze kuveliswe iinxalenye. Ngokwesiqhelo, izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC zicwangcisa ngokuzenzekelayo indlela yokucubungula ngokusekelwe kwimodeli ye-CAD enamacala amathathu kwaye zilawula isixhobo ukuze zisike endleleni ukuze zifumane imo yenxalenye.

Eli nqaku liza kwazisa ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC kunye nendlela ezisebenza ngayo.

1. Umatshini we-CNC weRouter

I-router Umatshini we-CNC ufana ne-CNC mill kodwa usetyenziswa kakhulu ekulungiseni izinto ezithambileyo kwaye uhlala ungachanekanga kangako kune-CNC Mills. Ii-CNC routers zaziwa ngokukwazi kwazo ukusebenzisa ulawulo lwamanani lwekhompyutha ukuhambisa iindlela ze-spindle kunye nezixhobo zomatshini ukuyila nokubumba izinto ezifana nomthi, intsimbi, i-foam, izinto ezidityanisiweyo, i-aluminium, kunye neplastiki.

Ii-router ze-CNC zihlala zinee-stepper motors, ii-stepper drivers, isiseko soomatshini, i-spindle, ii-controllers, kunye nombane. Ii-router ze-CNC zinceda ekunciphiseni inkunkuma, ukwandisa imveliso kunye nokuchaneka, kwaye zivelise iimveliso ngokukhawuleza.

2. Umatshini wokubhola i-CNC

 Umatshini wokubhola we-CNC usetyenziselwa iinkqubo zokugaya ezifuna ukuvelisa imingxunya esisilinda kwindawo yokusebenza ngokubhola. Usebenzisa ii-drill bits ezijikelezayo eziyilo lwazo luvumela inkunkuma yesinyithi, eyaziwa ngokuba zii-chips, ukuba iwele kwindawo yokusebenza ngexesha lokwenza imingxunya.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo eziqhelekileyo zee-drill bits ezinokusetyenziswa kumatshini wokubhola we-CNC, nganye ifanelekile kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Iintlobo ziquka ii-spotting drills zemingxunya yokuqala, ii-peck drills zokubhola imingxunya enzulu, ii-screw machine drills zemingxunya echanekileyo, kunye nee-chucking reamers zokugqiba imingxunya ngokobukhulu obufunekayo.

Njengabanye oomatshini be-CNC, umatshini we-CNC wokubhola usebenzisa ulawulo lwamanani lwekhompyutha ukuze enze inkqubo yokubhola ibe ngokuzenzekelayo. Ulawula iindawo zokubhola kunye neepatheni zokuhamba ngokweendlela zesixhobo ezicwangcisiweyo. Oku kuvumela ukubhola ngokuchanekileyo kwemingxuma emininzi kwindawo yokusebenza ngokuchanekileyo nangokuphindaphindeka. Oomatshini bokubhola be-CNC baluncedo xa inani elikhulu lamalungu lifuna iipatheni zemingxuma ezifanayo okanye ubungakanani obuveliswa ngeenkqubo zokubhola ezizenzekelayo.

3. Umatshini we-Lathe CNC

Umatshini we-Lathe CNC usetyenziselwa iinkqubo zomatshini ezibandakanya ukujika okanye ukubumba izinto zokusebenza ezijikelezayo. Usebenzisa izixhobo zokusika ezinenqaku elinye, uyilo lwazo luyahluka ngokusekelwe kwisicelo esithile sokujika, njengokugoba, ukugqiba, ukujongana, ukusonta, ukwenza, ukusika ngaphantsi, ukwahlukanisa kunye nokugroova.

Umatshini weLathe CNC uzenzela ngokuzenzekelayo inkqubo yokujika ngokusebenzisa ulawulo lwamanani lwekhompyutha. Ulawula iindawo kunye neentshukumo zesixhobo sokusika ngokweendlela zesixhobo ezicwangcisiweyo. Oku kuvumela ukuba iimilo ezintsonkothileyo kunye nejometri zenziwe ngezinto zokusebenza ezisilinda ngokuchanekileyo nangokuphindaphindwayo.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeelathe ze-CNC ezifanelekileyo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo. Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ziquka iilathe ze-turret ezifanelekileyo ukuvelisa ngobuninzi ezinotshintsho lwezixhobo oluzenzekelayo, iilathe ze-injini zokujika ngokubanzi, kunye neelathe zeenjongo ezikhethekileyo ezenzelwe iijometri ezithile okanye izixhobo.

Inkqubo yokujika i-CNC iphucula imveliso ngaphezu kwe-lathes ezenziwe ngesandla ngokuvumela ukusebenza okungenamntu kunye nokuveliswa kwamacandelo amaninzi ngokweemfuno ezichanekileyo. Oomatshini be-CNC be-Lathe baluncedo kakhulu kumashishini okuvelisa iimoto, i-aerospace kunye nokuvelisa ngokuchanekileyo apho inani elikhulu lezinto ezijikiweyo kufuneka zenziwe ngomatshini ngokuchanekileyo nangokufanelekileyo.

4. Umatshini we-CNC we-5-Axis

Umatshini we-CNC one-axis ezi-5 uphucula amandla oomatshini bokugaya bemveli abane-axis ezi-3 ngokongeza ii-axes ezimbini ezongezelelweyo ezijikelezayo, okuvumela ukucutshungulwa kwejometri ezintsonkothileyo kwi-clamping enye.

Ukongeza kwii-axes ezintathu ezithe tyaba (X, Y, Z) zokubeka isixhobo sokusika, umatshini we-CNC one-axis ezi-5 uquka ii-axes ezimbini ezongezelelweyo ezijikelezayo kwi-spindle yokusika okanye itafile ejikayo/ejikelezayo. Oku kubonelela ngee-degrees ezimbini zenkululeko yokubeka isixhobo somsebenzi.

Ngokuthambekisa nokujikelezisa isixhobo sokubamba umsebenzi (itafile yetrunnion), umatshini we-5-axis uvumela isixhobo sokusika ukuba sifikelele kwaye sisebenzise ubuso obuhlanu beprismatic workpiece kwii-engile ze-90-degree ngaphandle kokufuna ukuseta kwakhona i-workpiece phakathi kokusebenza.

Ii-axes ezimbini ezongezelelweyo ezijikelezayo (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-A-axis kunye ne-C-axis) ziphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini ngokususa imfuneko yokubopha okuninzi kunye nokuseta. Iijometri ezintsonkothileyo ezifana neefom eziqingqiweyo zinokucutshungulwa zigqitywe ngomatshini ngokucinezela okukodwa kumatshini we-CNC one-axis ezi-5.

Ifumana usetyenziso olubanzi kwimizi-mveliso yeenqwelo-moya, i-die/mold kunye nezonyango apho iindawo ezintsonkothileyo zixhaphakileyo. Umatshini we-CNC onama-axis ama-5 usetyenziswa rhoqo ekubumbeni ngenxa yokukwazi kwawo ukuchwetheza iindawo ezizimeleyo.

5. Umatshini wokusila we-CNC

Umatshini weMilling CNC usebenzisa izixhobo zokusika ezinamanqaku amaninzi ezijikelezayo ukuze zimile ngokuchanekileyo kunye nezinto zokusebenza zomatshini. Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo zokugaya ziquka ii-end mills, ii-helical mills, kunye nee-chamfer mills, ezinokujoliswa ngokuthe tye okanye ngokuthe nkqo ngokusekelwe kwisicelo esithile sokugaya.

Umatshini weMilling CNC uzenzela ngokuzenzekelayo inkqubo yokugaya ngokusebenzisa ulawulo lwamanani lwekhompyutha. Ulawula indawo yesixhobo sokusika kunye nendlela yokuhamba ngokweendlela zesixhobo ezicwangcisiweyo. Oku kwenza ukuba iiprofayili ezintsonkothileyo kunye nejometri ziveliswe ngezinto eziluhlaza okanye ii-castings ngokuchanekileyo nangokuphindaphindwayo.

Oomatshini bokugaya be-CNC, abakwabizwa ngokuba ngoomatshini bokugaya okanye ii-mills, bafumaneka ngeendlela ezithe tye nezithe nkqo. Ii-CNC mills ezisisiseko zibonelela ngee-axes ezintathu ezithe tye zokuhamba (X, Y, Z), ngelixa iimodeli eziphambili zibandakanya ii-axes ezongezelelweyo ezijikelezayo ukuze kube lula ukufikelela kuzo.

Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zoomatshini bokugaya be-CNC ziquka ii-hand mills zeenxalenye ezincinci, ii-plain okanye ii-vertical mills zokwenza i-general machining, ii-universal mills ezifanelekileyo kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, kunye nee-omniversal mills ezibonelela ngokuguquguquka okuphezulu ngee-axes ezine okanye ezintlanu.

Inkqubo yokugaya i-CNC iphucula imveliso kunee-mills ezenziwe ngesandla. Ivumela ukuveliswa kwezinto ezigayiweyo ezingenabantu kunye nobuninzi ukuba zikwazi ukumelana nobunzima. Oomatshini bokugaya i-CNC basetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini okuvelisa izinto zokugaya ezenziwe ngeentsimbi, iiplastiki, iinkuni, izinto ezidityanisiweyo nezinye izinto.

6. Umatshini we-CNC wokusika i-Laser

 Umatshini we-CNC osika nge-laser usebenzisa i-laser enamandla aphezulu ukusika izinto ngokuzinyibilikisa, ukuzitshisa, okanye ukuzifutha. Ivumela ukusika ngokuchanekileyo iipateni kunye neeprofayili ezintsonkothileyo.

Iintlobo eziphambili ze-laser yemizi-mveliso ezisetyenziswa kumatshini wokusika i-laser ziquka:

- Iilaser zeCO2: Enye yezona laser zegesi zixhaphakileyo ezisebenzisa umxube wegesi yekhabhoni dayoksayidi. Ifanelekile ukusika izinto ezingezizo iintsimbi ezifana nomthi, iplastiki, amalaphu. Ingasika neentsimbi ezithambileyo.

- Iileyiza ze-Solid-state: Ngokwesiqhelo iileyiza ze-Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (YAG) zisebenzisa i-Neodymium njengento esebenzayo. Zinamandla kuneeleyiza ze-CO2 kwaye ziyakwazi ukusika iintsimbi ezityebileyo neziqinileyo.

- Iilaser zefayibha: Uhlobo lwelaser entsha yesimo esiqinileyo enomgangatho ophezulu wemitha. Isebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwizicelo zokusika isinyithi ngokuchanekileyo.

Oomatshini be-CNC abasika nge-laser baqondisa umqadi we-laser ngokweendlela zezixhobo ezicwangcisiweyo besebenzisa i-xy gantries kunye nolawulo lwe-CNC. Ubungakanani bomsebenzi obuqhelekileyo buqala kwi-desktop ukuya koomatshini abakhulu.

I-laser inika ukusika okucocekileyo ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu kunye nendawo encinci echaphazeleka bubushushu. Ivumela ukusika okuntsonkothileyo kwezinto ezahlukeneyo. Ukusika i-laser kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso, kwi-prototyping nakwimizi-mveliso yeemoto/ye-aerospace.

7. Umatshini we-CNC wokusika iPlasma

Umatshini we-CNC osika i-plasma usebenzisa itotshi ye-plasma ukusika izinto eziqhuba umbane. Usebenza ngokudlulisa igesi enesantya esiphezulu, njengeoksijini okanye umoya, nge-nozzle kwaye wenze i-arc yombane phantsi kwetotshi eyenza i-ioni igesi ibe ngumjelo we-plasma oqhuba umbane.

Emva koko umjelo weplasma udlulisela ubushushu kunye nombane kwizinto zokusebenza, usika phakathi kwazo ngokunyibilikisa nokufutha. Izinto eziqhelekileyo ezisikiweyo kwiimashini zokusika iplasma ziquka intsimbi, intsimbi engatyiwayo, i-aluminium, ithusi kunye nobhedu.

Kumatshini wokusika iplasma we-CNC, itotshi yeplasma ilawulwa yinkqubo ye-CNC ngokweendlela zezixhobo ezicwangcisiweyo. Oku kuvumela ukunqunyulwa okuchanekileyo kwesimo se-2D kunye ne-3D esintsonkothileyo esenziwe ngesinyithi okulawulwa yikhompyutha.

Iimpawu eziphambili zoomatshini be-CNC bokusika nge-plasma ziquka ukukwazi ukusika izinto zepleyiti etyebileyo, umgangatho olungileyo wokusika oneendawo ezincinci ezichaphazeleka bubushushu, kunye nesantya sokusika esikhawulezayo. Zilungele kakhulu ukwenziwa, ukugcinwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kokulungisa.

Inkqubo ye-CNC ibonelela ngokusika okuzenzakalelayo, okuphindaphindwayo kwaye ivumela ukusebenza ngaphandle kwabaqhubi. Ukusika nge-plasma kusetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini afana neemoto, ukuvelisa, ukwakha iinqanawa kunye nokwakha ukusika, ukujika kunye nokugoba iindawo zesinyithi kunye nezinto.

8. Umatshini we-CNC wokukhupha umbane

Umatshini we-CNC okhupha umbane, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-EDM (umatshini wokukhupha umbane) okanye umatshini we-CNC okhupha umbane, usebenzisa inkqubo ye-thermoelectric yee-sparks zombane ukusika izinto eziqhuba umbane.

Isebenza ngokusebenzisa iintlantsi zombane eziveliswa ngomahluko wevolthi phakathi kwee-electrode ezimbini - i-electrode yesixhobo kunye nezinto zokusebenza - ukuguguleka izinto ezincinci ngokunyibilika kunye nokuphefumla. Amanzi anyibilikisiweyo asetyenziselwa ukukhupha inkunkuma.

Kumatshini we-EDM CNC, i-electrode yesixhobo iqhagamshelwe kwinkqubo ye-CNC kwaye ibekwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ilawulwa ngokweendlela zezixhobo ezicwangcisiweyo. Oku kuvumela ukuba iimilo ze-3D ezintsonkothileyo zenziwe ngomatshini ngeentsimbi eziqinileyo kunye nee-alloys ezinzima ukuzisika ngeendlela zemveli.

Ezinye zeengenelo eziphambili zoomatshini be-EDM CNC ziquka ukukwazi umatshini wo ...

Izicelo eziqhelekileyo ziquka ii-molds, ii-dies, izinto ze-aerospace kunye nee-implants zotyando ngenxa yokuba le nkqubo ayibangeli kudibana kwaye ivelisa amandla amancinci oomatshini kwindawo yokusebenza. Oomatshini be-EDM CNC bafanelekile kakhulu kwimveliso encinci yeendawo ezintsonkothileyo.

9. Nazi iingongoma eziphambili malunga noMatshini wokuGriyina i-CNC:

1. - Umatshini wokugaya i-CNC usebenzisa ivili elirhabaxa elijikelezayo ukusika nokubumba iindawo zesinyithi kwinkqubo yoomatshini yokurhabaxa.
2. - Ivili lokusila elirhabaxa, elidla ngokwenziwa ngeedayimani okanye i-CBN (i-cubic boron nitride), lisusa amaqhekeza amancinci esinyithi xa lidibana nesixhobo sokusebenza. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo luyafuneka ukuze kufezekiswe ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo.
3. - Kumatshini wokugaya we-CNC, ivili lokugaya kunye nesixhobo sokusebenza zibekwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zishukunyiswa yinkqubo ye-CNC ngokwekhowudi ecwangcisiweyo. Oku kwenza ukuba iiprofayili ze-3D ezintsonkothileyo zigaywe ngokuzenzekelayo.
4. - Imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yokugaya ibandakanya ukugawula okusilinda (iindawo zangaphandle okanye zangaphakathi), ukugawula umphezulu (iindawo ezithe tyaba), ukugawula okungenaziko kunye nokugawula iprofayili.
5. - Iindawo ezenziwe ngoomatshini be-CNC bokugaya zifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu kakhulu kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu. Zidla ngokuba zizixhobo zoomatshini ezichanekileyo ezifana nee-camshafts, iibheringi zebhola, iigiya.
6. - Amashishini asebenzisa i-CNC grinding aquka iimoto, i-aerospace, ezonyango kunye nokuveliswa ngokubanzi apho ukunyamezelana okungqongqo kubalulekile.
7. - Iingenelo ngaphezu kokusila okuqhelekileyo ziquka ukuchaneka okuphindaphindwayo, ulawulo lwe-multi-axis kunye nokukwazi ukusila iikhonto ezintsonkothileyo kunye neeprofayili ngaphandle kokujonga.

Ngoko ke, ngokufutshane, umatshini we-CNC osilayo ubumba ngokuchanekileyo iindawo zesinyithi ngokusebenzisa umatshini wokulungisa amavili ozenzekelayo olawulwa yinkqubo yolawulo lwamanani ekhompyutha.

10. Nazi iingongoma eziphambili malunga noMatshini we-CNC onotshintsho lweZixhobo eziZenzekelayo:

1. - Inemagazini yezixhobo/i-carousel egcina izixhobo ezininzi ezifana needrill, ii-mills, ii-routers njl.njl. ecaleni kwendawo yokusebenza yomatshini.
2. - Isixhobo sokutshintsha izixhobo ngokuzenzekelayo sivumela ukutshintshwa kwezixhobo ngokukhawuleza nangokuzenzekelayo njengoko kufuneka ngexesha lenkqubo yokugaya i-CNC ngaphandle kokungenelela ngesandla.
3. - Oku kuphucula kakhulu imveliso ngokunciphisa ixesha elinganqunyulwanga xa kuthelekiswa notshintsho lwezixhobo ezenziwe ngesandla. Iindawo ezintsonkothileyo ezifuna izixhobo ezininzi zinokucutshungulwa ngomatshini ngaphandle kokuyeka inkqubo.
4. - Izixhobo ziyathathwa/zitshintshiswa ngerobhothi kwimagazini zize zifakwe kwi-spindle kusetyenziswa ingalo yokutshintsha izixhobo ngokuzenzekelayo phantsi kolawulo lwe-CNC.
5. - Yonyusa amandla okuthwala izixhobo zomatshini ngaphaya kwesixhobo esinye, ivumela ukucutshungulwa kwamacandelo anzima ngakumbi ngaphandle kokulayisha kwakhona izixhobo ngesandla.
6. - Izixhobo eziphukileyo okanye ezigugileyo zingatshintshwa ngephanyazo ngaphandle kokuyeka yonke imveliso. Oku kuphucula ukuthembeka kunye nexesha lokusebenza.
7. - Ukulinganiswa kwezixhobo ngokuzenzekelayo kunokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwejometri emva kotshintsho ngalunye.
8. - Iqhubela phambili umatshini wokulungisa i-CNC ukuya kwimveliso esebenza ngcono yokucima/ukungasebenzi kwabantu ngaphandle kokungenelela kwabantu abaninzi.

Ngoko ke ngamafutshane, ukutshintsha izixhobo ngokuzenzekelayo kuphucula ukuguquguquka kunye nemveliso yoomatshini be-CNC.