He aha te mīhini miihini CNC?
Ko te mīhini CNC he mīhini ka taea te whakahaere e te kaupapa rorohiko. Ka taea e ia te whakaoti aunoa i ngā mahi tukatuka uaua maha e ai ki ngā kaupapa tukatuka kua whakaritea. Ko te CNC te whakarāpopototanga o "Computer Numerical Control", arā, te whakahaere tau rorohiko.
Ko te mīhini CNC he tukanga hanga tango-ā-ringa e whakamahi ana i ngā taputapu mīhini e whakahaerehia ana e te rorohiko hei tango i ngā rauemi o te wāhanga mahi hei hanga wāhanga. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakamahere aunoa ngā taputapu mīhini CNC i te ara tukatuka i runga i te tauira CAD toru-ahu, ā, ka whakahaere i te taputapu kia tapahia i te ara kia whiwhi ai i te āhua o te wāhanga.
Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga ngā momo mīhini CNC me ā rātou mahi.
1.Mīhini CNC Pouara
He rite te mīhini CNC pouara ki te mira CNC engari e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te miihini i ngā rauemi ngohengohe, ā, he iti ake te tika o ēnei i ngā Mira CNC. E mōhiotia ana ngā pouara CNC mō tō rātou kaha ki te whakamahi i te mana tau rorohiko hei arahi i ngā ara o te poupou me te taputapu mīhini hei hoahoa me te hanga i ngā rauemi pēnei i te rakau, te maitai, te pahuka, ngā mea hiato, te konumohe, me te kirihou.
Ko ngā pouara CNC he mea hanga i ngā mōta stepper, ngā taraiwa stepper, he turanga mīhini, he poupou, he kaiwhakahaere, me te pūtake hiko. Ka āwhina ngā pouara CNC ki te whakaiti i te para, te whakanui ake i te hua me te tika, me te tere ake te whakaputa hua.
2. Mīhini Keri CNC
Ka whakamahia te mīhini keri CNC mō ngā tukanga miihini e hiahia ana kia puta he kōhao porotaka i roto i te mea mahi mā te keri. Ka whakamahia he mata keri hurihuri e āhei ai te hanga i te konganuku para, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā maramara, kia taka atu i te mea mahi i te wā e hangaia ana he kōhao.
He maha ngā momo mata wiri e whakamahia ana me te mīhini keri CNC, he pai ia momo mō ngā mahi rerekē. Kei roto i ēnei momo ko ngā mīhini werowero hei tīmatanga i ngā kōhao, ngā mīhini werowero hei keri hohonu, ngā mīhini wiri hei keri tika i ngā kōhao, me ngā mīhini whakakī hei whakaoti i ngā kōhao ki te rahi e hiahiatia ana.
Pērā i ētahi atu mīhini CNC, ka whakamahia e te mīhini keri CNC te mana tau rorohiko hei whakahaere aunoa i te tukanga keri. Ka ārahi i ngā wāhi o ngā mata keri me ngā tauira nekehanga kia rite ki ngā ara taputapu kua whakaritea. Mā tēnei ka taea te keri tika i ngā kōhao maha i roto i te mea mahi me te tika me te taea te whakahoki. He whai hua ngā mīhini keri CNC ina hiahia ngā rahinga nui o ngā wāhanga ki ngā tauira kōhao ōrite, ki ngā rahi rānei i hangaia mā roto i ngā tukanga keri aunoa.
3. Mīhini Whakairo CNC
Ka whakamahia te mīhini whakairo CNC mō ngā tukanga miihini e uru ana ki te huri, te hanga rānei i ngā wahi mahi. Ka whakamahia e ia ngā taputapu tapahi kotahi-ira, ā, he rerekē te hoahoa i runga i te whakamahinga hurihanga, pērā i te tātā, te whakaoti, te whakahāngai, te miro, te hanga, te tapahi raro, te wehewehe me te keri.
Mā te mīhini CNC Lathe e aunoa te tukanga hurihanga mā te whakahaere tau rorohiko. Ka ārahi i ngā wāhi me ngā nekehanga o te taputapu tapahi kia rite ki ngā ara taputapu kua whakaritea. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakaputa i ngā āhua me ngā āhua uaua mai i ngā wahi mahi porotaka me te tika me te taea te whakahoki.
He momo mīhini huri CNC rerekē e tika ana mō ngā mahi rerekē. Ko ngā momo noa ko ngā mīhini huri pourewa e tika ana mō te hanga papatipu me te whakawhiti taputapu aunoa, ngā mīhini huri miihini mō te huri whānui, me ngā mīhini huri motuhake kua hangaia mō ngā āhuahanga, rauemi rānei motuhake.
Ka whakarei ake te tukanga huri CNC i te hua i runga i ngā mīhini huri ā-ringa mā te āhei i te mahi kore tangata me te whakaputa i ngā wāhanga maha kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga tino tika. He tino whai hua ngā mīhini huri CNC i roto i ngā ahumahi hanga motuka, rererangi me te hanga tino tika, ina hiahiatia kia mīhinihia he maha o ngā wāhanga huri kia tika, kia whai hua hoki.
4. Mīhini CNC 5-Tuaka
Ka whakarei ake te mīhini CNC tuaka-5 i ngā kaha o ngā mīhini mira tuaka-3 tuku iho mā te tāpiri i ētahi atu tuaka hurihuri e rua, kia taea ai te mahi miihini i ngā āhuahanga uaua i roto i te kotahi whakapiringa.
Haunga ngā toki rārangi e toru (X, Y, Z) hei whakanoho i te taputapu tapahi, ka whakauruhia e te mīhini CNC tuaka-5 ētahi atu toki hurihuri e rua i te miro tapahi, i tētahi tēpu whakatītaha/hurihuri rānei. Mā tēnei ka whakaratohia he rua atu nekehanga herekore mō te whakanoho i te mea mahi.
Mā te whakatītaha me te hurihuri i te taputapu pupuri mahi (te tēpu porowhita), ka taea e te mīhini tuaka-5 te uru atu me te mīhini i ngā mata e rima o te wahi mahi porowhita i ngā koki 90-tohu, me te kore e hiahiatia te tautuhi anō i te wahi mahi i waenga i ngā mahi.
Mā ngā tuaka hurihuri e rua (e kiia ana ko te tuaka-A me te tuaka-C) ka tino whakapai ake i te pai o te mahi miihini mā te tango i te hiahia mō ngā whakapūmau me ngā whakatakotoranga maha. Ka taea te miihini i ngā āhua uaua pēnei i ngā āhua whakairo i roto i te whakapūmau kotahi i runga i te mīhini CNC tuaka-5.
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o tēnei mea i roto i ngā ahumahi rererangi, te mate/pokepokea me te hauora, ina kitea ngā wāhanga uaua. He maha hoki ngā whakamahinga o te mīhini CNC 5-tuaka mō te whakairo nā tōna kaha ki te mīhini i ngā mata hanga-kore.
5. Mīhini Mira CNC
Ka whakamahia e te mīhini mira CNC ngā taputapu tapahi maha-ira e hurihuri ana hei hanga me te mīhini i ngā wahi mahi kia tika te hanga. Ko ngā taputapu mira noa ko ngā mira pito, ngā mira porowhita, me ngā mira anga, ka taea te whakatakoto whakapae, poutū rānei i runga i te whakamahinga mira motuhake.
Mā te mīhini Mira CNC ka aunoa te tukanga mira mā te whakahaere tau rorohiko. Ka ārahi i te wāhi me te ara nekehanga o te taputapu tapahi kia rite ki ngā ara taputapu kua whakaritea. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakaputa i ngā kōtaha me ngā āhuahanga uaua mai i ngā rauemi mata, i ngā mea whakarewa rānei me te tika me te ngāwari ki te whakahoki.
Kei te wātea ngā mīhini mira CNC, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā mīhini mira, ngā mira rānei, i ngā huarahi whakapae me ngā huarahi poutū. E toru ngā toki nekehanga raina (X, Y, Z) o ngā mira CNC taketake, ā, ko ngā tauira matatau ake he toki hurihuri tāpiri hei whakanui ake i te urunga.
Ko ngā momo mīhini mira CNC e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko ngā mira ringa mō ngā wāhanga iti, ngā mira noa, poutū rānei mō te miihini whānui, ngā mira whānui e tika ana mō ngā momo mahi, me ngā mira huri noa e tuku ana i te ngāwari mōrahi mā roto i ngā toki e whā, e rima rānei.
Ka whakarei ake te tukanga mira CNC i te hua i ngā mira ā-ringa. Mā tēnei ka taea te hanga i ngā wāhanga mira kore-tangata me te papatipu ki ngā taunga pakari. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā mīhini mira CNC i roto i ngā ahumahi hanga mō te miihini i ngā wāhanga mai i ngā konganuku, kirihou, rakau, hiato me ētahi atu.
6. Mīhini Tapahi Taiaho CNC
Ka whakamahia e te mīhini tapahi laser CNC he laser kaha-teitei hei tapahi i ngā rauemi mā te whakarewa, te tahu, te mimiti rānei. Mā tēnei ka taea te tapahi tika i ngā tauira me ngā kōtaha uaua.
Ko ngā momo matua o te taiaho ahumahi e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mīhini tapahi taiaho ko:
- Ngā taiaho CO2: Ko tētahi o ngā taiaho hau e whakamahia ana i roto i te ranunga hau waro hauhā. He pai mō te tapahi i ngā mea ehara i te konganuku pērā i te rakau, te kirihou, te kakahu. Ka taea hoki te tapahi i ētahi maitai ngawari.
- Ngā taiaho totoka: Ko ngā taiaho Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (YAG) te tikanga he whakamahi i te Neodymium hei huānga hohe. He kaha ake i ngā taiaho CO2, ā, ka taea te tapahi i ngā konganuku matotoru ake, mārō ake.
- Ngā taiaho muka: He momo taiaho totoka hou ake me te kounga hihi tino pai. He tino whai hua mō ngā mahi tapahi konganuku tino tika.
Mā ngā mīhini tapahi reera CNC ka ārahi i te hihi reera kia rite ki ngā ara taputapu kua whakaritea mā te whakamahi i ngā gantry xy me te mana whakahaere CNC. Ko ngā rahi mahi noa mai i te papamahi ki ngā mīhini whakatakotoranga nui.
Ka whakaratohia e te taiaho he tapahi ma, he tino tika, ā, he iti noa te rohe e pāngia ana e te wera. Ka taea te tapahi uaua o te whānuitanga o ngā rauemi. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te tapahi taiaho i roto i te hanga, te hanga tauira me ngā ahumahi motuka/rererangi.
7. Mīhini Tapahi Plasma CNC
Ka whakamahia e te mīhini tapahi plasma CNC he rama plasma hei tapahi i ngā rauemi e kawe ana i te hiko. Ka mahi mā te tuku i tētahi hau tere-teitei, pērā i te hāora, te hau rānei, mā roto i tētahi pūwero, ka hanga he pewa hiko i raro i te rama e whakakoi ana i te hau ki roto i tētahi awa plasma e kawe ana i te hiko.
Kātahi ka tukuna te wera me te hiko e te awa plasma ki runga i te rauemi mahi, ka tapahia mā roto mā te rewa me te mimiti. Ko ngā rauemi noa e tapahia ana i runga i ngā mīhini tapahi plasma ko te rino, te kowiri tira, te konumohe, te parahi me te parahi.
I runga i te mīhini tapahi plasma CNC, ka whakahaerehia te rama plasma e te pūnaha CNC e ai ki ngā ara taputapu kua whakaritea. Mā tēnei ka taea te tapahi tika i ngā āhua matatini 2D me te 3D mai i te konganuku e te rorohiko.
Ko ngā āhuatanga matua o ngā mīhini tapahi plasma CNC ko te kaha ki te tapahi i ngā rauemi pereti matotoru, te kounga tapahi pai me te iti o ngā rohe e pāngia ana e te wera, me te tere tapahi. He pai mō ngā mahi hanga, tiaki me te whakatika.
Mā te pūnaha CNC ka taea te tapahi aunoa, ka taea te whakahoki, ā, ka taea hoki te mahi kore tangata. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te tapahi plasma i roto i ngā ahumahi pēnei i te motuka, te hanga, te hanga kaipuke me te hanga whare mō te tapahi, te whakapiko me te keri i ngā wāhanga me ngā wae whakarewa.
8. Mīhini CNC Tukunga Hiko
Ko te mīhini CNC tuku hiko, e mōhiotia ana ko te EDM (electric discharge machining) ko te mīhini CNC whakakore mura rānei, ka whakamahi i te tukanga thermoelectric o ngā mura hiko hei tapahi i ngā rauemi e kawe ana i te hiko.
Mā te whakamahi i ngā mura hiko e puta mai ana i te rerekētanga ngaohiko i waenga i ngā irahiko e rua – he irahiko taputapu me te rauemi o te mea mahi – ka whakamahia hei tango i ngā rauemi iti noa i te rewa me te mimiti. Ka whakamahia te wai whakakore iona hei horoi i ngā paru.
I runga i te mīhini EDM CNC, ka honoa te hiko taputapu ki te pūnaha CNC, ā, ka whakanohoia tika, ka whakahaerea hoki kia rite ki ngā ara taputapu kua whakaritea. Mā tēnei ka taea te mīhini i ngā āhua 3D uaua mai i ngā konganuku mārō me ngā koranu e uaua ana ki te tapahi mā ngā tikanga tuku iho.
Ko ētahi o ngā painga matua o ngā mīhini EDM CNC ko te kaha ki te mīhini i ngā rauemi tino mārō, te whakaputa i ngā wāhanga me te tino tika me ngā whakaotinga mata, me te tapahi i ngā kōhao me ngā kōtaha o roto uaua.
Ko ngā whakamahinga noa ko ngā pokepokea ai, ngā mate, ngā wāhanga rererangi me ngā tāpiringa pokanga nā te mea kāore e pā te tukanga, ā, he iti noa ngā kaha miihini e puta ana i runga i te wāhanga mahi. He pai ngā mīhini EDM CNC mō te whakaputa iti i ngā wāhanga uaua.
9. Anei ngā kōrero matua mō te Mīhini Huri CNC:
- - Ka whakamahia e te mīhini huri CNC tētahi wira whakakoi hurihuri hei tapahi me te hanga i ngā wāhanga whakarewa mā te tukanga miihini o te whakakoi.
- - Mā te wira huri whakakoi, he mea hanga ki te taimana, ki te CBN rānei (cubic boron nitride), ka tangohia ngā maramara whakarewa iti ina pā ki te mea mahi. Me whakahaere tika kia tutuki ai ngā ātete pakari.
- - I runga i te mīhini huri CNC, ka whakanohoia tika te wira huri me te wāhanga mahi e te pūnaha CNC, ka nekehia hoki, kia rite ki te waehere kua whakaritea. Mā tēnei ka taea te huri aunoa i ngā kōtaha 3D uaua.
- - Ko ngā mahi huri noa ko te huri porotaka (ngā mata o waho, o roto rānei), te huri mata (ngā mata papatahi), te huri kore pokapū me te huri kōtaha.
- - Ko ngā wāhanga i hangaia ki ngā mīhini huri CNC me tino tika, me tino oti hoki te mata. He maha ngā wā he wāhanga miihini tino tika pērā i ngā toki kame, ngā peera pōro, ngā taputapu.
- - Ko ngā ahumahi e whakamahi ana i te huri CNC ko ngā ahumahi motuka, rererangi, hauora me te ahumahi whānui, he mea nui hoki ngā manawanui pakari.
- - Ko ngā painga o te huri noa ko te tika ka taea te whakahoki, te whakahaere i ngā tuaka-maha me te kaha ki te huri i ngā kōtaha me ngā kōtaha uaua me te kore e tirotirohia.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ka hangaia tika e te mīhini huri CNC ngā wāhanga whakarewa mā te miihini wira whakakoi aunoa e whakahaerehia ana e te pūnaha whakahaere tau rorohiko.
10. Anei ngā kōrero matua mō tētahi Mīhini CNC me ngā Huringa Utauta Aunoa:
- - He maheni taputapu/carousel tōna e pupuri ana i ngā taputapu maha pērā i ngā wiri, ngā mira, ngā pouara me ētahi atu, e tata ana ki te wāhi mahi mīhini.
- - Mā te mīhini whakawhiti taputapu aunoa ka taea te whakakapinga tere me te aunoa o ngā taputapu ina hiahiatia i te wā o te tukanga miihini CNC, me te kore e whakamahia ā-ringa.
- - Ka tino whakapai ake tēnei i te hua o te mahi mā te whakaiti i te wā kore-tapahi ki te whakaritea ki te whakawhiti taputapu ā-ringa. Ka taea te mīhini i ngā wāhanga uaua e hiahia ana ki ngā taputapu maha me te kore e aukati i te tukanga.
- - Ka kohia/ka whakawhitia ngā taputapu mā te karetao mai i te maheni, ka whakamaua ki runga i te miro mā te whakamahi i te ringa whakawhiti taputapu aunoa i raro i te mana whakahaere CNC.
- - Ka whakanui ake i te kaha kawe taputapu o te mīhini ki tua atu i te taputapu kotahi, ka taea te miihini i ngā wāhanga uaua ake me te kore e tāuta anō i ngā taputapu ā-ringa.
- - Ka taea te whakakapi i ngā taputapu pakaru, kua tawhito rānei i runga i te tere tonu, me te kore e aukati i te mahi katoa. Mā tēnei ka pai ake te pono me te roa o te mahi.
- - Tērā pea ka taea te whakatikatika aunoa i ngā taputapu hei whakarite i te tika o te āhuahanga i muri i ia panonitanga.
- - Ka nekehia te miihini CNC ki te hanga tineia rama/kore tangata e whai hua ake ana, me te iti rawa o te wawaotanga a te tangata.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, mā te whakawhiti taputapu aunoa ka pai ake te ngāwari me te hua o ngā mīhini CNC.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-08-2023
