Insimbi isetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu kwezindleko, okunikeza izinto izakhiwo ezilinganiselayo. Kodwa emikhiqizweni eminingi, insimbi enobukhulu obungamagremu angu-7.8/isentimitha le-cubic isivele isinda. Kuleli qophelo, abaklami kudingeka bafune ezinye izinto zokufeza ukwenziwa kube lula. Nakuba ipulasitiki inganciphisa isisindo, izinsimbi ezilula zihlukile ngokuthandwa kwazo kanye namandla azo.
Izinsimbi ezilula kanye nama-alloy alula njenge-aluminium, i-titanium kanye ne-magnesium zivame ukuthatha indawo yensimbi ekwakhiweni komkhiqizo. Ukuze sisize ekuhloleni, sizama'ngihlanganise iphrofayili emfushane exoxa ngezinzuzo, amaphutha kanyeuhlelo lokusebenza olujwayelekileizimo zezinto ngazinye. Ukuziqonda ngokuqhathanisa kungasiza ezinqumweni zokuklama umkhiqizo.
#1 I-Titanium – ilula ngo-42% kunensimbi
Njengento eqinile kakhulu futhi eqinile ye-alloy, i-titanium inamandla aphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto zensimbi, okwanele ukuba ibekwe endaweni yokuqala. Ngaphezu kwamandla ayo amahle kakhulu, i-titanium iphinde ibe nokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuqina ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuhambisana kwayo okuhle kwezinto eziphilayo, i-titanium isetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamadivayisi ezokwelapha adinga ukufakwa isikhathi eside emzimbeni womuntu. Noma kunjalo, i-titanium nayo inezinkinga ezithile.
I-Titanium inobuningi obungamagremu angu-4.51 ngesentimitha elilodwa le-cubic, ibekwa phambili phakathi kwezinto ezintathu zensimbi ezilula esizethule. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindleko zokucubungula i-titanium nazo ziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwalezi ezintathu. Ngenxa yalokho, i-titanium ivame ukugcinelwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amandla aphezulu kanye nokuphila kwesikhathi eside kwenkonzo.
Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwe-titanium kufaka phakathi:
- Imishini yamakhemikhali edinga ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, isibonelo, idinga ukumelana okuhle kakhulu ne-asidi kanye ne-alkali.
- Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamadivayisi ezokwelapha afakwa emzimbeni womuntu futhi adinga ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, njenge-prostheses, njll.
- Imboni yezindiza idinga izingxenye ezidinga ukungabi lula kanye namandla.
- Imikhumbi nemishini yezempi zidinga izingxenye ezingamelani nokugqwala.
#2 I-Aluminium – ilula ngo-65% kunensimbi
Ubuningi be-aluminiyamu bucishe bube yinye kwezintathu kunensimbi (2.70g/cm3), futhi okwamanje iyinto yensimbi engenansimbi esetshenziswa kakhulu. I-aluminiyamu inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala, kanti ezinye izinhlobo ze-aluminiyamu ziqine njengensimbi yekhabhoni. Nakuba i-aluminiyamu ibiza kakhulu kunensimbi, isabiza kancane kune-magnesium ne-titanium.
I-Aluminium inokwakheka okuhle kakhulu kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusebenza, kanti nezakhiwo zayo zokushisela nazo zinhle kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-aluminium nayo inokuguquguquka okuphezulu, ukuguquguquka kokushisa kanye nokuguquguquka kogesi. Kodwa-ke, i-aluminium inokumelana nokuguguleka okuphansi futhi isilinganiso sayo samandla-nesisindo asisihle njenge-titanium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-aluminium ayisebenzi kahle ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu njengoba yenza ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu. Izindawo zokuncibilika ze-aluminium kanye ne-magnesium zingama-660°C kanye nama-650°C ngokulandelana.
Njengoba kunezinhlobo eziningi zezicelo ze-aluminium, izinhlelo zayo eziyinhloko zifaka:
- Izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi kanye nezintambo.
- Irediyetha enamandla okushisa nokupholisa asebenzayo.
- Ama-fuselage ezindiza kanye nezinye izingxenye eziningi zezindiza.
- Imikhiqizo yabathengi eqinile futhi engabizi kakhulu njengefenisha nezinto zasekhishini.
- Izinto zokwakha ezifana nokubiyela kanye nodonga.
- Izingxenye ze-aluminium ezenziwe ngezimoto kanye nezingxenye ze-aluminium ezikhishwe.
#3 I-Magnesium – ilula ngo-77% kunensimbi
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-aluminium, i-magnesium ibiza kakhulu. Kodwa uma kuqhathaniswa ne-titanium alloys, i-magnesium ishibhile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-magnesium isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene lapho kudingeka khona izakhiwo ezilula. I-magnesium ngokwayo isengozini yokugqwala kanye nethonya lamakhemikhali, futhi ayinamandla njengezinye izinsimbi ezivame ukusetshenziswa. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe besimanje be-magnesium alloy kanye namasu okwelapha ubuso kuthuthukise kakhulu amandla nokuqina kwemikhiqizo ye-magnesium.
Izinto ze-magnesium kulula ukuzisebenzisa ngomshini, kodwa ngenxa yengozi ephezulu yokuqhuma kothuli, ngokuvamile zingacutshungulwa kuphela ezindaweni zokusebenzela ezinezindawo zobuchwepheshe ezingangeni uthuli. Ngokungafani nezinye izinsimbi, i-magnesium inamakhono amahle okumunca ukushaqeka, okunganciphisa ukudlidliza kwemishini enembile. I-magnesium isetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezidinga ukukhanya okukhulu noma amandla aphansi. Isibonelo, ukuminyana kwayo kungu-1.74g/cm3 kuphela.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile zifaka:
Izinto ezidingekayo nsuku zonke ezifana nama-suitcase nama-ladder; imishini yezemidlalo nezokuzijabulisa esebenza kahle kakhulu njengezinhlaka zamabhayisikili; izinto ezilula emishinini yezempi; izinto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezimoto ezifana namasondo e-magnesium alloy kanye nama-gearbox ezimoto. Njengezinto zensimbi ezilula, i-magnesium idlala indima ebalulekile kulezi zindawo.
Lesi sihloko sinikeza ingxoxo eqhathanisayo yokusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi ezintathu ezilula ezisetshenziswa kakhulu - i-titanium, i-magnesium kanye ne-aluminium - ekunciphiseni isisindo somkhiqizo.
I-Titanium inokuqina okuhle kakhulu, kodwa iyabiza futhi kunzima ukuyicubungula. I-Magnesium ilula futhi ixutshwe nezinye izinto ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla nokusebenza. I-Aluminium iyi-alloy engena-ferrous engabizi kakhulu enezinhlobo eziningi zezicelo.
Ukukhetha insimbi kuncike ezidingweni zezindleko, amandla kanye nokuqina komkhiqizo. Zonke izinsimbi ezintathu zinhle kakhulu ekunciphiseni isisindo somkhiqizo, ngaleyo ndlela zithuthukisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo kanye nomuzwa. Ekupheleni kwesihloko, kushiwo ukuthi uma udinga ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo elula, ungaxhumana nezinsizakalo zokucubungula zobungcweti ezinikezwa yizitolo zemishini ze-titanium, i-aluminium alloys nezinye izinto.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-27-2023
