Simbi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pasi rese nekuda kwekushanda kwayo zvakanaka, izvo zvinoita kuti zvinhu zvive nehunyanzvi hwakaringana. Asi kune zvigadzirwa zvakawanda, simbi ine huremu hwemagiramu 7.8/cubic centimeter yatove inorema. Panguva ino, vagadziri vanofanirwa kutsvaga zvimwe zvinhu kuti vawedzere huremu. Kunyange zvazvo mapurasitiki achigona kuderedza huremu, simbi dzakareruka dzakasiyana mukufarirwa kwadzo uye simba radzo.
Simbi dzakareruka uye alloys dzakadai searuminiyamu, titanium uye magnesium zvinowanzo tsiva simbi mukugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa. Kuti tibatsire kuzviongorora, isu'ndanyora pfupiso yezvakanakira, zvakaipa uyechinowanzo shandiswamamiriro ezvinhu echinhu chimwe nechimwe. Kunzwisisa izvi kuburikidza nekuenzanisa kunogona kubatsira kusarudza dhizaini yechigadzirwa.
#1 Titanium - 42% yakareruka kupfuura simbi
Sechinhu chakasimba uye chakasimba chesimbi, titanium ine simba guru pakati pemhando dzese dzesimbi, zvakakwana kuti ive pekutanga. Pamusoro pekusimba kwayo kwakanaka, titanium inewo simba rakanaka rekudzivirira ngura uye kugadzikana munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya. Nekuda kwekubatana kwayo zvakanaka nehupenyu, titanium inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumhando dzakasiyana dzezvishandiso zvekurapa zvinoda kuiswa kwenguva refu mumuviri wemunhu. Kunyange zvakadaro, titanium inewo zvimwe zvayakaipira.
Titanium ine huwandu hwe4.51 gramu pa cubic centimeter, ichitanga pakati pezvinhu zvitatu zvesimbi zvisingaremi zvatakatanga kushandisa. Panguva imwe chete, mutengo wekugadzirisa titanium wakanyanyawo kupfuura mimwe mitatu. Nekuda kweizvozvo, titanium inowanzo chengeterwa kushandiswa kunoda simba rakawanda uye hupenyu hwebasa.
Mashandisirwo akajairika etitanium anosanganisira:
- Midziyo yemakemikari inoda kushandiswa kwenguva refu, semuenzaniso, inofanira kuva nekudzivirira kwakanaka kweasidhi nealkali.
- Mhando dzakasiyana dzemidziyo yekurapa inoiswa mumuviri wemunhu uye inoda kushandiswa kwenguva refu, senge maprostheses, nezvimwewo.
- Indasitiri yendege inoda zvinhu zvinoda kurema uye simba.
- Ngarava nemidziyo yehondo zvinoda zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi ngura.
#2 Aruminiyamu - 65% yakareruka kupfuura simbi
Kuwanda kwearuminiyamu kunosvika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu kupfuura kwesimbi (2.70g/cm3), uye parizvino ndiyo simbi isingashandise simbi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Aruminiyamu inodzivirira ngura zvakanyanya, uye mamwe ma alloys earuminiyamu akasimba sesimbi yekabhoni. Kunyangwe aruminiyamu ichidhura kupfuura simbi, ichiri kudhura zvishoma pane magnesium netitanium.
Aruminiyamu ine kugona kuumbwa zvakanaka uye michina, uye hunhu hwayo hwekunamira hwakanyanya kunaka. Panguva imwe chete, aruminiyamu ine kugona kuchinjika zvakanyanya, kufambisa kupisa uye kufambisa magetsi. Zvisinei, aruminiyamu ine simba shoma rekudzivirira kupera uye chiyero chayo chesimba-kuhuremu hachina kunaka setitanium. Pamusoro pezvo, aruminiyamu haishande zvakanaka munzvimbo dzine tembiricha yepamusoro sezvinoita munzvimbo dzine tembiricha yakaderera. Nzvimbo dzekunyunguduka kwearuminiyamu nemagnesium dziri 660°C uye 650°C zvichiteerana.
Zvichienderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzekushandiswa kwealuminium, mashandisirwo ayo makuru anosanganisira:
- Zvishandiso zvemagetsi newaya.
- Radiator ine simba rekupisa nekutonhodza rinoshanda zvakanaka.
- Mafuselage endege nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvemuchadenga.
- Zvinhu zvinogara kwenguva refu uye zvisingadhuri zvakadai sefenicha nemidziyo yekubikira.
- Zvinhu zvekuvaka zvakaita semarambi nemadziro.
- Zvikamu zvearuminiyamu zvakagadzirwa nemotokari uye zvakaburitswa.
#3 Magnesium - 77% yakareruka kupfuura simbi
Kana tichienzanisa nearuminiyamu, magnesium inodhura zvakanyanya. Asi kana tichienzanisa netitanium alloys, magnesium yakachipa zvikuru. Saka, magnesium inoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana uko kunodiwa zvivakwa zvakareruka. Magnesium pachayo inogona kubatwa nengura uye kukanganiswa nemakemikari, uye haina kusimba sedzimwe simbi dzinowanzoshandiswa. Zvisinei, tekinoroji yemazuva ano yemagnesium alloy uye matekiniki ekugadzirisa pamusoro pechinhu zvakavandudza zvikuru kusimba uye kugara kwenguva refu kwezvigadzirwa zvemagnesium.
Magnesium zvinhu zviri nyore kugadzira muchina, asi nekuda kwenjodzi huru yekuputika kweguruva, zvinowanzo gadziriswa mumaworkshop ane nzvimbo dzehunyanzvi dzisingapindi guruva. Kusiyana nedzimwe simbi, magnesium ine kugona kwakanaka kwekunyudza shock, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kudedera kwemidziyo chaiyo. Magnesium inonyanya kushandiswa munzvimbo dzinoda kureruka kwakanyanya kana simba shoma. Semuenzaniso, huwandu hwayo hunongova 1.74g/cm3 chete.
Mashandisirwo chaiwo anosanganisira:
Zvinhu zvinodiwa zuva nezuva zvakaita semasutukesi nemamanera; midziyo yemitambo nemitambo yekuvaraidza ine simba guru yakaita semafuremu emabhasikoro; zvinhu zvakareruka mumidziyo yehondo; zvinhu zvemotokari zvine simba guru zvakaita semavhiri emagetsi alloy nemagiya. Sezvinhu zvesimbi zvakareruka, magnesium inoita basa rakakosha munzvimbo idzi.
Chinyorwa chino chinopa hurukuro yekufananidza kushandiswa kwesimbi nhatu dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya - titanium, magnesium uye aruminiyamu - mukuderedza huremu hwechigadzirwa.
Titanium inogara kwenguva refu, asi inodhura uye yakaoma kugadzirisa. Magnesium yakareruka uye inosanganiswa nezvimwe zvinhu kuti ivandudze simba uye mashandiro. Aluminium ndiyo alloy isingashandise simbi nesimbi ine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana.
Kusarudzwa kwesimbi kunoenderana nemutengo, simba uye kugara kwenguva refu kwechigadzirwa. Simbi dzese nhatu dzakanaka mukuderedza huremu hwechigadzirwa, nokudaro zvichivandudza mashandiro echigadzirwa uye kunzwa kwacho. Pakupera kwechinyorwa, zvinotaurwa kuti kana uchida kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakareruka, unogona kubvunza masevhisi ehunyanzvi ekugadzirisa anopiwa nezvitoro zvemichina zvetitanium, alloys dzealuminium nezvimwe zvinhu.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-27-2023
