Ibyuma bikoreshwa cyane ku isi yose bitewe n’uko bifite igiciro cyiza, bigatuma ibikoresho birushaho kumera neza. Ariko ku bicuruzwa byinshi, ibyuma bifite ubucucike bwa garama 7.8 kuri santimetero kibe biramaze kuremerera. Muri iki gihe, abashushanya bagomba gushaka ibindi bikoresho kugira ngo bagere ku buremere. Nubwo pulasitiki ishobora kugabanya uburemere, ibyuma birebire ni umwihariko mu gukundwa no gukomera kwabyo.
Ibyuma byoroheje n'ibyuma bikozwe mu buryo bwa aloyi nka aluminiyumu, titaniyumu na manyeziyumu bikunze gusimbura icyuma mu miterere y'ibicuruzwa. Kugira ngo tubisuzume, twabikoze.'nashyize hamwe umwirondoro mugufi uganira ku byiza, ibibi n'porogaramu isanzweingero za buri gikoresho. Kubyumva binyuze mu kugereranya bishobora gufasha gufata ibyemezo byo gushushanya ibicuruzwa.
#1 Titanium – 42% yoroheje kurusha icyuma
Kubera ko ari ibikoresho bikomeye cyane kandi bikomeye, titaniyumu ifite imbaraga nyinshi mu bwoko bwose bw'ibikoresho by'icyuma, bihagije ku buryo ishobora kuza ku mwanya wa mbere. Uretse imbaraga zayo nziza, titaniyumu inarwanya ingese neza kandi ihamye mu bidukikije birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi. Bitewe n'uko ihura neza n'ibinyabuzima, titaniyumu ikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho bitandukanye by'ubuvuzi bisaba gushyirwa mu mubiri w'umuntu igihe kirekire. Nyamara, titaniyumu ifite n'ingaruka mbi zimwe na zimwe.
Titanium ifite ubucucike bwa garama 4.51 kuri santimetero kibe, ikaba iza ku mwanya wa mbere mu bikoresho bitatu byoroheje twashyizeho byuma. Muri icyo gihe, ikiguzi cyo gutunganya titanium nacyo kiri hejuru muri ibyo bitatu. Kubera iyo mpamvu, titanium ikunze gukoreshwa mu buryo busaba imbaraga nyinshi no kumara igihe kinini ikora.
Imikoreshereze isanzwe ya titaniyumu irimo:
- Urugero, ibikoresho bya chimique bisaba gukoreshwa igihe kirekire bigomba kuba bifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya aside na alkali neza.
- Ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi bishyirwa mu mubiri w'umuntu kandi bisaba gukoreshwa igihe kirekire, nk'insinga z'umubiri, n'ibindi.
- Inganda zikora iby’indege zikenera ibice bikenera ibintu byoroshye kandi bikomeye.
- Amato n'ibikoresho bya gisirikare bisaba ibice birwanya ingese.
#2 Aluminium – 65% yoroheje kurusha icyuma
Ubucucike bwa aluminiyumu ni hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy’icyuma (2.70g/cm3), kandi ubu ni cyo gikoresho cy’icyuma kidakoresha feri gikoreshwa cyane. Aluminiyumu ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese, kandi zimwe mu aluminiyumu zikomeye nk’icyuma cya karuboni. Nubwo aluminiyumu ihenze kurusha icyuma, iracyari hasi kurusha manyeziyumu na titaniyumu.
Aluminiyumu ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora no gukoresha neza cyane, kandi imiterere yayo yo gusudira nayo ni myiza cyane. Muri icyo gihe, aluminiyumu ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu byinshi, ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara amashanyarazi. Ariko, aluminiyumu ifite ubushobozi bwo kudashira kandi igipimo cyayo cyo gukomera ku buremere ntabwo ari cyiza nka titaniyumu. Byongeye kandi, aluminiyumu ntikora neza mu bushyuhe bwinshi nkuko ikora mu bushyuhe buke. Aho aluminiyumu na manyeziyumu bishongesha ni 660°C na 650°C.
Bitewe n'uburyo aluminiyumu ikoreshwamo mu buryo butandukanye, ibikorwa byayo by'ingenzi birimo:
- Ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga n'insinga.
- Radiateri ifite ubushobozi bwo gushyushya no gukonjesha neza.
- Ibice by'indege n'ibindi bice byinshi by'indege.
- Ibikoresho biramba kandi bihendutse nk'ibikoresho byo mu nzu n'ibyo mu gikoni.
- Ibintu by'ubwubatsi nk'inkingi z'ibyuma n'urukuta.
- Ibikoresho by'imodoka bikozwe mu byuma bicuzwe mu byuma n'ibikozwe muri aluminiyumu.
#3 Manyeziyumu – 77% byoroshye kurusha icyuma
Ugereranyije na aluminiyumu, manyeziyumu irahenze cyane. Ariko ugereranyije na titaniyumu, manyeziyumu irahendutse cyane. Kubwibyo, manyeziyumu ikoreshwa cyane mu nzego zitandukanye aho inyubako zoroshye zikenewe. Manyeziyumu ubwayo ishobora kwangirika no kwangirika, kandi ntabwo ikomeye nk'ibindi byuma bikunze gukoreshwa. Ariko, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya manyeziyumu aloyi n'uburyo bwo gutunganya ubuso byazamuye cyane imbaraga n'ubudahangarwa bw'ibicuruzwa bya manyeziyumu.
Ibikoresho bya manyeziyumu biroroshye gukoresha mu mashini, ariko kubera ibyago byinshi byo guturika kw'umukungugu, ubusanzwe bishobora gutunganywa gusa mu dushami dufite ibikoresho byabigize umwuga bidashobora gukururwa n'umukungugu. Bitandukanye n'ibindi byuma, manyeziyumu ifite ubushobozi bwo gufata impanuka, bushobora kugabanya guhindagura kw'ibikoresho by'ubuhanga. Manyeziyumu ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bice bisaba koroherwa cyane cyangwa imbaraga nkeya. Urugero, ubucucike bwayo ni 1.74g/cm3 gusa.
Porogaramu zihariye zirimo:
Ibintu by'ingenzi bikenerwa buri munsi nk'amasakoshi n'urwego; ibikoresho bya siporo n'imyidagaduro byo mu rwego rwo hejuru nk'imirongo y'amagare; ibikoresho byoroheje mu bikoresho bya gisirikare; ibikoresho by'imodoka byo mu rwego rwo hejuru nk'amapine ya magnesium alloy na gearboxes. Nk'ibikoresho by'icyuma byoroshye, magnesium igira uruhare runini muri ibi bice.
Iyi nkuru itanga ikiganiro kigereranya ikoreshwa ry'ibyuma bitatu bikoreshwa cyane byoroshye - titaniyumu, manyeziyumu na aluminiyumu - mu kugabanya uburemere bw'ibicuruzwa.
Titanium ifite uburambe bwiza cyane, ariko irahenze kandi iragoye kuyitunganya. Manyeziyumu ni yoroshye kandi ivanze n'ibindi bintu kugira ngo yongere imbaraga n'imikorere. Aluminium ni yo aloyi idakoresha feri ihendutse cyane kandi ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye.
Guhitamo icyuma biterwa n'igiciro, imbaraga n'uburambe bw'ibicuruzwa. Ibi byuma byose uko ari bitatu ni byiza mu kugabanya uburemere bw'ibicuruzwa, bityo bikanoza imikorere n'uburyo bimera. Mu mpera z'iyi nkuru, havugwa ko niba ukeneye gukora ibintu byoroheje, ushobora kugisha inama serivisi z'inzobere mu gutunganya ibikoresho zitangwa n'amaduka acuruza titaniyumu, aluminiyumu n'ibindi bikoresho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-27-2023
