Intsimbi isetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kakuhle kweendleko, nto leyo enika izixhobo iimpawu ezilinganayo. Kodwa kwiimveliso ezininzi, intsimbi enobunzima obuyi-7.8 grams/cubic centimeter sele inzima. Okwangoku, abayili kufuneka bajonge ezinye izinto ukuze bafumane ukukhanya. Nangona iiplastiki zinokunciphisa ubunzima, iintsimbi ezikhaphukhaphu zikhethekile ngokuthandwa kwazo kunye namandla azo.
Iintsimbi ezikhaphukhaphu kunye nee-alloys ezifana ne-aluminium, i-titanium kunye ne-magnesium zihlala zithatha indawo yentsimbi kuyilo lwemveliso. Ukuze sikwazi ukuzivavanya, sizama'Ndiqokelele iprofayili emfutshane exoxa ngezinto ezilungileyo, iingxaki kunyeisicelo esiqhelekileyoiimeko zezinto nganye. Ukuziqonda ngokuthelekisa kunokunceda izigqibo zoyilo lwemveliso.
#1 I-Titanium – ilula nge-42% kunentsimbi
Njengesixhobo se-alloy esomeleleyo kakhulu nesiqinileyo, i-titanium inamandla aphezulu phakathi kwazo zonke iintlobo zezinto zesinyithi, ngokwaneleyo ukuba ibekwe kwindawo yokuqala. Ukongeza kumandla ayo agqwesileyo, i-titanium ikwanokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu kunye nozinzo kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu. Ngenxa yokuhambelana kwayo okuhle kwezinto eziphilayo, i-titanium isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo zonyango ezifuna ukufakwa ixesha elide emzimbeni womntu. Nangona kunjalo, i-titanium ikwanazo neengxaki ezithile.
I-Titanium inobunzima obuyi-4.51 grams nge-cubic centimeter nganye, ibekwa kwindawo yokuqala phakathi kwezinto ezintathu zesinyithi ezikhaphukhaphu esizisebenzisileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, iindleko zokucubungula i-titanium nazo ziphezulu phakathi kwezi zintathu. Ngenxa yoko, i-titanium idla ngokugcinelwa ukusetyenziswa okufuna amandla aphezulu kunye nobomi benkonzo.
Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwe-titanium kuquka:
- Izixhobo zekhemikhali ezifuna ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide, umzekelo, kufuneka zibe nokumelana okuhle kakhulu ne-asidi kunye ne-alkali.
- Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zonyango ezifakwe emzimbeni womntu kwaye zifuna ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide, ezifana neeprostheses, njl.
- Ishishini leenqwelo-moya lifuna izinto ezifuna ukukhanya kunye namandla.
- Iinqanawa nezixhobo zomkhosi zifuna izinto ezikwaziyo ukumelana nokugqwala.
#2 I-Aluminiyam – ilula ngama-65% kunentsimbi
Uxinano lwe-aluminiyam lumalunga nesinye kwisithathu kunentsimbi (2.70g/cm3), kwaye okwangoku yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwisinyithi esingenasinyithi. I-aluminiyam inokumelana nokugqwala okugqwesileyo, kwaye ezinye ii-alloys ze-aluminiyam zinamandla afana nentsimbi yekhabhoni. Nangona i-aluminiyam ibiza kakhulu kunentsimbi, isengabizi kakhulu kune-magnesium kunye ne-titanium.
I-Aluminiyam inokwakheka okuhle kakhulu kunye noomatshini abanobuchule, kwaye iimpawu zayo zokuwelda nazo zibalaseleyo. Kwangaxeshanye, i-aluminiyam ikwanazo neendlela eziphezulu zokuqhuba, umbane oqhubayo kunye nombane oqhubayo. Nangona kunjalo, i-aluminiyam inokumelana nokuguguleka okuphantsi kwaye umlinganiselo wayo wamandla ukuya kubunzima awulunganga njenge-titanium. Ukongeza, i-aluminiyam ayisebenzi kakuhle kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu njengoko isenza kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi. Amanqaku okunyibilika kwe-aluminiyam kunye ne-magnesium angama-660°C kunye nama-650°C ngokwahlukeneyo.
Ngenxa yoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ze-aluminium, izicelo zayo eziphambili ziquka:
- Izixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye neengcingo.
- Irediyetha enobuchule bokufudumeza nokupholisa obusebenzayo.
- Iifuselage zeenqwelo-moya kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi zeenqwelo-moya.
- Iimveliso zabathengi ezihlala ixesha elide nezingabizi kakhulu ezifana nefenitshala kunye nezixhobo zasekhitshini.
- Izinto zokwakha ezifana neengcingo kunye neesiding.
- Izixhobo ze-aluminium ezenziwe nge-automotive kunye nezahlulo ze-aluminium ezikhutshiweyo.
#3 I-Magnesium – ilula nge-77% kunentsimbi
Xa ithelekiswa ne-aluminium, i-magnesium ibiza kakhulu. Kodwa xa ithelekiswa ne-titanium alloys, i-magnesium ibiza kakhulu. Ke ngoko, i-magnesium isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo apho kufuneka khona izakhiwo ezikhaphukhaphu. I-magnesium ngokwayo ichaphazeleka lula kukugqwala kunye neempembelelo zeekhemikhali, kwaye ayinamandla njengezinye izinyithi ezisetyenziswa rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, ubuchwepheshe be-magnesium alloy yanamhlanje kunye neendlela zonyango lomphezulu ziphucule kakhulu amandla kunye nokuqina kweemveliso ze-magnesium.
Izixhobo zeMagnesium kulula ukuzisebenzisa ngomatshini, kodwa ngenxa yomngcipheko omkhulu wokuqhuma kothuli, zihlala zicutshungulwa kwiindawo zokusebenzela ezinezixhobo zobungcali ezithintela uthuli. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izinyithi, iMagnesium inamandla amahle okufunxa uthuli, nto leyo enokunciphisa ukungcangcazela kwezixhobo ezichanekileyo. IMagnesium isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezifuna ukukhanya okukhulu okanye amandla aphantsi. Umzekelo, uxinano lwayo yi-1.74g/cm3 kuphela.
Izicelo ezithile ziquka:
Izinto ezifunekayo imihla ngemihla ezifana neesutikheyisi kunye neeleli; izixhobo zemidlalo nezolonwabo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifana neefreyimu zebhayisekile; izinto ezikhaphukhaphu kwizixhobo zomkhosi; izinto ezisebenza kakuhle kwizithuthi ezifana namavili e-magnesium alloy kunye neebhokisi zegiya. Njengezinto zesinyithi ezikhaphukhaphu, i-magnesium idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwezi ndawo.
Eli nqaku libonelela ngengxoxo ethelekisayo yokusetyenziswa kweentsimbi ezintathu ezikhaphukhaphu ezisetyenziswa rhoqo - i-titanium, i-magnesium kunye ne-aluminium - ekunciphiseni ubunzima bemveliso.
I-Titanium inamandla kakhulu, kodwa ibiza kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukuyicubungula. I-Magnesium ilula kwaye ixutywe nezinye izinto ukuphucula amandla nokusebenza. I-Aluminium yeyona ngxubevange ingabizi kakhulu engenazo iintsimbi eneentlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo.
Ukukhethwa kwesinyithi kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zexabiso, amandla kunye nokuqina kwemveliso. Zonke ezi zinyithi zintathu zilungile ekunciphiseni ubunzima bemveliso, ngaloo ndlela ziphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso kunye nokuziva kwayo. Ekupheleni kwenqaku, kukhankanyiwe ukuba ukuba ufuna ukuvelisa iimveliso ezikhaphukhaphu, ungaqhagamshelana neenkonzo zobuchwephesha zokucubungula ezibonelelwa ziivenkile zoomatshini ze-titanium, i-aluminium alloys kunye nezinye izinto.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-27-2023
