Hoʻohana nui ʻia ke kila a puni ka honua ma muli o kāna hana kumukūʻai maikaʻi loa, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka mea me nā waiwai kaulike. Akā no nā huahana he nui, ua kaumaha mua ke kila me ka nui o 7.8 grams/cubic centimeter. I kēia manawa, pono nā mea hoʻolālā e ʻimi i nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻokō ai i ka māmā. ʻOiai hiki i nā plastics ke hōʻemi i ke kaumaha, he kū hoʻokahi nā metala māmā i ko lākou kaulana a me ka ikaika.
Hoʻololi pinepine nā metala māmā a me nā mea hoʻohuihui e like me ka alumini, titanium a me ka magnesium i ke kila i ka hoʻolālā huahana. I mea e kōkua ai i ka loiloi ʻana iā lākou, mākou'ua hoʻohui i kahi ʻikepili pōkole e kūkākūkā ana i nā pono, nā pōʻino a menoi maʻamaunā hiʻohiʻona o kēlā me kēia mea. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana iā lākou ma o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana e hiki ke kōkua i nā hoʻoholo hoʻolālā huahana.
#1 Titanium - 42% māmā ma mua o ke kila
Ma ke ʻano he mea hao ikaika loa a paʻakikī hoʻi, ʻo ka titanium ka pae ikaika kiʻekiʻe loa ma waena o nā ʻano mea hao āpau, lawa ia e kūlana mua. Ma waho aʻe o kona ikaika maikaʻi loa, loaʻa iā titanium ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka pala a me ke kūpaʻa i nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe. Ma muli o kona kūlike maikaʻi o ka biology, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka titanium i nā ʻano mea lapaʻau like ʻole e pono ai ke hoʻokomo lōʻihi ʻia i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka. Eia nō naʻe, he mau hemahema kekahi o ka titanium.
ʻO ka nui o ka Titanium he 4.51 grams no ke kenimika cubic, ʻo ia ka mea mua ma waena o nā mea metala māmā ʻekolu a mākou i hoʻolauna ai. I ka manawa like, ʻo ke kumukūʻai hana o ka titanium ke kiʻekiʻe loa ma waena o nā mea ʻekolu. ʻO ka hopena, mālama pinepine ʻia ka titanium no nā noi e pono ai ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke ola lawelawe.
ʻO nā hoʻohana maʻamau o ka titanium:
- ʻO nā lako kemika e pono ai ka hoʻohana lōʻihi, no ka laʻana, pono e loaʻa ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka waikawa a me ka alkali.
- Nā ʻano mea lapaʻau like ʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka a koi aku i ka hoʻohana lōʻihi, e like me nā prostheses, a pēlā aku.
- Pono ka ʻoihana aerospace i nā ʻāpana e pono ai ka māmā a me ka ikaika.
- Pono nā moku a me nā lako kaua i nā ʻāpana e kūpaʻa i ka pala.
#2 Alumini - 65% māmā ma mua o ke kila
ʻO ka nui o ka alumini ma kahi o hoʻokahi hapakolu o ke kila (2.70g/cm3), a ʻo ia ka mea metala non-ferrous i hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēia manawa. He kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa ka alumini i ka pala, a ʻo kekahi mau mea hoʻohui alumini e like me ke kila kalapona. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o ka alumini ma mua o ke kila, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kumukūʻai ma mua o ka magnesium a me ka titanium.
He maikaʻi loa ka hiki ke hoʻokumu a me ka mīkini ʻana o ka alumini, a he maikaʻi loa hoʻi kona mau waiwai hoʻoheheʻe. I ka manawa like, he kiʻekiʻe ke ductility o ka alumini, ka conductivity thermal a me ka conductivity uila. Eia nō naʻe, he haʻahaʻa loa ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka alumini a ʻaʻole maikaʻi kona ratio ikaika-a-kaumaha e like me ka titanium. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hana maikaʻi ka alumini i nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe e like me ia i nā wahi haʻahaʻa. ʻO nā kiko heheʻe o ka alumini a me ka magnesium he 660°C a me 650°C.
Hāʻawi ʻia i ka laulā o nā noi o ka alumini, ʻo kāna mau noi nui e komo pū ana me:
- Nā ʻāpana uila a me nā uea.
- ʻO Radiator me nā hiki ke hoʻomehana a hoʻoluʻu pono.
- Nā fuselages mokulele a me nā ʻāpana aerospace ʻē aʻe he nui.
- Nā huahana mea kūʻai paʻa a kūpono hoʻi i ke kumukūʻai e like me nā lako hale a me nā lako kuke.
- Nā ʻāpana kūkulu hale e like me nā alahao a me ka siding.
- Nā ʻāpana alumini i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me nā ʻāpana alumini i extruded ʻia i ke kaʻa.
#3 Magnesium – 77% māmā ma mua o ke kila
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka alumini, ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o ka magnesium. Akā ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā titanium alloys, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kumukūʻai o ka magnesium. No laila, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka magnesium ma nā ʻano like ʻole kahi e pono ai nā hale māmā. Hiki i ka magnesium ponoʻī ke hōʻino ʻia e ka pala a me nā hopena kemika, a ʻaʻole ikaika e like me nā metala ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui ka ʻenehana magnesium alloy hou a me nā ʻano hana mālama ʻili i ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa o nā huahana magnesium.
He maʻalahi ka mīkini ʻana i nā mea magnesium, akā ma muli o ka nui o ka pilikia o ka pahū ʻana o ka lepo, hiki ke hana ʻia i loko o nā hale hana me nā hale hana pale lepo ʻoihana. ʻAʻole e like me nā metala ʻē aʻe, loaʻa i ka magnesium nā hiki ke hoʻopili haʻalulu maikaʻi, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka haʻalulu o nā lako kikoʻī. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka magnesium ma nā wahi e pono ai ka māmā loa a i ʻole ka ikaika haʻahaʻa. No ka laʻana, ʻo kona nui he 1.74g/cm3 wale nō.
ʻO nā noi kikoʻī e komo pū me:
Nā mea pono o kēlā me kēia lā e like me nā ʻeke a me nā alapiʻi; nā lako haʻuki a me nā mea leʻaleʻa hana kiʻekiʻe e like me nā mōlina paikikala; nā ʻāpana māmā i nā lako koa; nā ʻāpana kaʻa hana kiʻekiʻe e like me nā huila magnesium alloy kaʻa a me nā pahu pahu. Ma ke ʻano he mea metala māmā, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka magnesium ma kēia mau wahi.
Hāʻawi kēia ʻatikala i kahi kūkākūkā hoʻohālikelike o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ʻekolu mau metala māmā i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia - titanium, magnesium a me alumini - i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kaumaha o ka huahana.
He kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa ko Titanium, akā he pipiʻi a paʻakikī hoʻi ke hana. He māmā ka Magnesium a ua hoʻohui ʻia me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika a me ka hana. ʻO ka Aluminiuma ka mea hoʻohuihui non-ferrous kūpono loa me nā ʻano hana like ʻole.
ʻO ke koho ʻana o ka metala e pili ana i ke kumukūʻai, ka ikaika a me nā koi paʻa o ka huahana. He maikaʻi loa nā metala ʻekolu i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kaumaha o ka huahana, no laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka hana a me ka manaʻo o ka huahana. Ma ka hopena o ka ʻatikala, ua ʻōlelo ʻia inā pono ʻoe e hana i nā huahana māmā, hiki iā ʻoe ke kūkākūkā i nā lawelawe hana ʻoihana i hāʻawi ʻia e nā hale hana mīkini no ka titanium, nā mea hoʻohui alumini a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-27-2023
