Hlau siv dav thoob plaws ntiaj teb vim nws cov nqi tsim nyog zoo heev, uas muab cov khoom siv nrog cov khoom sib npaug. Tab sis rau ntau yam khoom, hlau nrog qhov ceev ntawm 7.8 grams / cubic centimeter twb hnyav lawm. Lub sijhawm no, cov neeg tsim qauv yuav tsum nrhiav lwm cov ntaub ntawv kom ua tiav qhov sib dua. Txawm hais tias cov yas tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav, cov hlau sib dua yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv lawv qhov nrov thiab lub zog.
Cov hlau thiab cov khoom sib xyaw uas tsis hnyav xws li txhuas, titanium thiab magnesium feem ntau hloov cov hlau hauv kev tsim khoom. Txhawm rau pab soj ntsuam lawv, peb'tau muab ib daim ntawv qhia luv luv los tham txog qhov zoo, qhov tsis zoo thiabdaim ntawv thov ib txwm muajcov xwm txheej ntawm txhua yam khoom siv. Kev nkag siab txog lawv los ntawm kev sib piv tuaj yeem pab txiav txim siab tsim khoom.
#1 Titanium - sib dua li hlau 42%
Ua ib yam khoom siv hlau uas muaj zog thiab tawv heev, titanium muaj lub zog siab tshaj plaws ntawm txhua hom khoom siv hlau, txaus kom qeb duas ua ntej. Ntxiv rau nws lub zog zoo heev, titanium kuj muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev thiab ruaj khov hauv qhov kub thiab txias. Vim nws qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob, titanium yog siv dav hauv ntau hom khoom siv kho mob uas xav tau kev cog rau hauv lub cev tib neeg mus sij hawm ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, titanium kuj muaj qee qhov tsis zoo.
Titanium muaj qhov ceev ntawm 4.51 grams ib cubic centimeter, uas yog thawj zaug ntawm peb cov khoom siv hlau sib dua uas peb tau qhia. Tib lub sijhawm, tus nqi ua cov titanium kuj yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm peb yam. Yog li ntawd, titanium feem ntau yog siv rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau lub zog siab dua thiab lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua.
Cov kev siv dav dav ntawm titanium suav nrog:
- Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv tshuaj uas xav tau kev siv ntev yuav tsum muaj kev tiv taus kua qaub thiab alkali zoo heev.
- Ntau hom khoom siv kho mob uas tau cog rau hauv tib neeg lub cev thiab xav tau kev siv mus sij hawm ntev, xws li cov khoom siv prostheses, thiab lwm yam.
- Kev lag luam aerospace xav tau cov khoom uas xav tau lub teeb yuag thiab lub zog.
- Cov nkoj thiab cov khoom siv tub rog xav tau cov khoom uas tiv taus xeb.
#2 Aluminium - sib dua li hlau 65%
Qhov ceev ntawm txhuas yog li ib feem peb ntawm cov hlau (2.70g/cm3), thiab tam sim no nws yog cov khoom siv hlau uas tsis yog ferrous feem ntau siv. Aluminium muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev, thiab qee cov txhuas alloys muaj zog npaum li cov hlau carbon. Txawm hais tias txhuas kim dua hlau, nws tseem pheej yig dua li magnesium thiab titanium.
Aluminium muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo heev thiab ua tau yooj yim, thiab nws cov khoom siv vuam kuj zoo heev. Tib lub sijhawm, aluminium kuj muaj ductility siab, thermal conductivity thiab hluav taws xob conductivity. Txawm li cas los xij, aluminium muaj qhov tsis kam hnav qis thiab nws lub zog-rau-qhov hnyav piv tsis zoo li titanium. Tsis tas li ntawd, aluminium tsis ua haujlwm zoo hauv qhov chaw kub siab li nws ua hauv qhov chaw kub qis. Cov ntsiab lus yaj ntawm aluminium thiab magnesium yog 660 ° C thiab 650 ° C feem.
Muab ntau yam kev siv ntawm txhuas, nws cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb suav nrog:
- Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov xov hlau.
- Lub radiator muaj peev xwm ua kom sov thiab txias tau zoo.
- Lub fuselage ntawm lub dav hlau thiab ntau lwm yam khoom siv aerospace.
- Cov khoom siv ruaj khov thiab pheej yig xws li rooj tog thiab cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj.
- Kev tsim cov qauv xws li cov ntaiv thiab cov siding.
- Cov khoom siv tsheb thauj khoom thiab cov khoom siv extruded aluminium.
#3 Magnesium - sib dua li hlau 77%
Piv nrog rau txhuas, magnesium kim dua. Tab sis piv nrog titanium alloys, magnesium pheej yig dua. Yog li ntawd, magnesium yog siv dav hauv ntau qhov chaw uas xav tau cov qauv sib dua. Magnesium nws tus kheej yooj yim rau kev xeb thiab tshuaj lom neeg, thiab tsis muaj zog npaum li lwm cov hlau uas siv ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub magnesium alloy thiab cov txheej txheem kho qhov chaw tau txhim kho lub zog thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev ntawm cov khoom magnesium.
Cov khoom siv magnesium yooj yim rau kev siv tshuab, tab sis vim muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov hmoov av, feem ntau lawv tsuas yog tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm nrog cov chaw tiv thaiv plua plav. Tsis zoo li lwm cov hlau, magnesium muaj peev xwm nqus tau qhov kev co zoo, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov kev co ntawm cov khoom siv precision. Magnesium feem ntau yog siv rau hauv thaj chaw uas xav tau lub teeb heev lossis lub zog qis. Piv txwv li, nws qhov ceev tsuas yog 1.74g / cm3.
Cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb suav nrog:
Cov khoom siv niaj hnub xws li lub hnab nqa khoom thiab ntaiv; cov khoom siv ua kis las thiab kev lom zem zoo xws li lub thav tsheb kauj vab; cov khoom sib dua hauv cov khoom siv tub rog; cov khoom siv tsheb ua tau zoo xws li lub log tsheb magnesium alloy thiab cov gearbox. Raws li cov khoom siv hlau sib dua, magnesium ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov cheeb tsam no.
Tsab xov xwm no muab kev sib tham sib piv ntawm kev siv peb hom hlau sib dua uas feem ntau siv - titanium, magnesium thiab aluminium - hauv kev txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom.
Titanium muaj zog heev, tab sis kim thiab nyuaj rau ua. Magnesium yog lub teeb thiab sib xyaw nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus los txhim kho lub zog thiab kev ua tau zoo. Aluminium yog cov hlau tsis yog hlau uas pheej yig tshaj plaws nrog ntau yam kev siv.
Qhov kev xaiv cov hlau nyob ntawm tus nqi, lub zog thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom. Tag nrho peb cov hlau zoo heev rau kev txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom, yog li txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab kev xav ntawm cov khoom. Thaum kawg ntawm tsab xov xwm, nws tau hais tias yog tias koj xav tau tsim cov khoom sib dua, koj tuaj yeem sab laj nrog cov kev pabcuam ua haujlwm tshaj lij uas muab los ntawm cov khw muag tshuab rau titanium, txhuas alloys thiab lwm yam khoom siv.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-27-2023
